The study presents the quantitative effects of a total tariff tax exemption between Colombia and Israel. Tariff reduction simulations are carried out using a partial equilibrium model based on the SMART methodology. Before the model, some indicators are presented to show an overview of the degree of complementarity, similarity and comparative advantages revealed. The results show that the commercial effect is very low for both countries and that there are minimum potential risks. However, several opportunities of new exports for specific sectors are identified.

The development of transport infrastructure is a key element for increasing competitiveness, as it reduces the distance effect and freight transport costs, allowing the generation of efficiencies in market integration. This descriptive study uses a comparative methodology, taking as variables the indicators of global competitiveness of the member countries of the Pacific Alliance during the period 2007-2016. The analysis of the results shows a weak trend in the infrastructure development of the Pacific Alliance group and a notable asymmetry among the member countries. There is a need for an individual strategy in each country that is in line with the objectives of trade integration in Asia. Another finding suggests that the achievement of better indicators depends on other significant variables and on the way in which the costs of transport infrastructure investments are passed on to agents who move freight.

México es una de las economías más insertadas en cadenas globales de valor, especialmente con Estados Unidos en la industria automotriz. Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar la integración del sector manufacturero de México en las cadenas globales de valor (CGV), observando la profundidad de las actividades de transformación, los sectores más dinámicos y la importancia para el mercado laboral. Para ello se utilizan las bases de datos Trade in Value Added (TiVA) y Trade in eMployment (TiM) publicadas por la OCDE. Se encuentra que el sector de manufacturas mexicano está fuertemente integrado en CGV, en especial con Estados Unidos, pues abarca una elevada proporción de las exportaciones con valor agregado y de los empleos generados por exportaciones. No obstante, la integración del sector lo expone a dos desafíos principales: los cambios en la política comercial de Estados Unidos y la automatización.