Crohn's disease (CD) of the vulva is a rare, yet under recognized condition. Fistulae arising from the digestive tract account for the greater part of genital lesions in CD. However, cutaneous so-called metastatic lesions of the vulva have been reported in the literature. They are clinically challenging for gastroenterologists as well as for gynecologists, with numerous differential diagnoses, especially among venereal diseases, and require a multidisciplinary approach. The most frequently observed features of the disease are labial swelling, vulvar ulcers, and hypertrophic lesions. Biopsy samples for histological study are mandatory, in order to establish the diagnosis of vulvar CD. Treatment options include oral prolonged courses of metronidazole and systemic immunosuppressive therapy such as corticosteroids and azathioprine, with promising data published on the efficacy of infliximab. Surgery remains restricted to medical treatment failures or resection of unsightly lesions. Prospective studies or case series with long follow-up data are still missing to guide the treatment of this condition.

[1] Using the 1973-2005 worldwide catalogues for M ! 4.8 seismicity and VEI ! 0 volcano eruptions, we find a significant, when tested against catalogue randomizations, increase of eruption onsets on the earthquake day. This result emerges from stacking time series of daily eruption rates relatively to earthquake time, t 0 , over the whole seismicity catalogue. It is stronger for earthquake-volcano pairs for which the volcano is within ten rupture size from the epicenter. These results show that M ! 4.8 À VEI ! 0 earthquake-volcano pairs are as important for interaction processes as the M ! 7 and VEI ! 2-5 pairs previously reported to interact. The clustering in time for earthquakeeruption pairs is not bounded to t 0 . It remains above the background noise 6-10 days before and after t 0 , and follows a power law distribution. These patterns, which are similar to the direct and inverse Omori's laws observed for tectonic earthquakes, are the first evidence for the volcano eruptions to be contemporary of a stochastic brittle damage in the earth crust. The clustering we observe in time and space (i) rejects the earthquake triggering as the single process that drive earthquake-volcano interactions; (ii) supports a regional tectonic coupling in the earth crust damage. Citation: Lemarchand, N., and J.-R. Grasso (2007),Interactions between earthquakes and volcano activity, Geophys.

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Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis strains belonging to the L1, L2 or L3 genotype. An alert about an outbreak of LGV among MSM in the Netherlands was published in January 2004. The first cases of rectal LGV in France were retrospectively diagnosed in March 2004 and sentinel surveillance for LGV was implemented in April 2004. Most of the participating centres were located in the cities of Paris and Bordeaux. Only confirmed rectal LGV cases were included in the surveillance. Rectal specimens from men that were found to be positive for C trachomatis by PCR were sent to the National Reference Centre for Chlamydia infection for genotyping. Simple epidemiological data provided by clinicians and genotyping results were sent to the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS) where data were anonymously recorded. A total of 328 C. trachomatis rectal strains isolated in men were genotyped by the end of December 2005. Of these, 244 (74%) were LGV strains belonging to the L2 genotype. No L1 or L3 C. trachomatis genotype was found. Diagnosis was made retrospectively for 46 cases. The median age of patients with LGV was 39 years. HIV status was known for 96 patients: 82/96 (85%) were HIV-infected. Most LGV cases were diagnosed in the Paris area (92%). Among the remaining 26% C. trachomatis strains, genotypes Da and G were the most frequent. As with syphilis in recent years, the emergence of LGV in Europe is mainly affecting HIV-infected MSM. The screening and treatment of STIs should be included in the clinical follow-up of all HIV-infected MSM.

SUMMARY BackgroundPrevious studies suggest a poor prognosis of epidermoid anal cancer in HIV+ patients.