The spatial and human dimensions of climate change are brought into relief at international borders where climate change poses particular challenges. This article explores "double exposure" to climatic and globalization processes for the U.S.-Mexico border region, where rapid urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural intensification result in vulnerability to water scarcity as the primary climate change concern. For portions of the western border within the North American monsoon climate regime, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects temperature increases of 2 to 4 • C by midcentury and up to 3 to 5 • C by 2100, with possible decreases of 5 to 8 percent in precipitation. Like the climate and water drivers themselves, proposed societal responses can also be regionalized across borders. Nevertheless, binational responses are confronted by a complex institutional landscape. The coproduction of science and policy must be situated in the context of competing institutional jurisdictions and legitimacy claims. Adaptation to climate change is conventionally understood as more difficult at international borders, yet regionalizing adaptive responses could also potentially increase resilience. We assess three cases of transboundary collaboration in the Arizona-Sonora region based on specific indicators that contribute importantly to building adaptive capacity. We conclude that three key factors can increase resilience over the long term: shared social learning, the formation of binational "communities of practice" among water managers or disaster-relief planners, and the coproduction of climate knowledge. Key Words: adaptive capacity, climate change, U.S.-Mexico border, vulnerability, water.Las dimensiones espaciales y humanas del cambio climático se hacen particularmente relevantes en las fronteras internacionales, lugares donde el cambio climático genera retos especiales. Este artículo explora la "doble exposición" de los procesos climáticos y globalizadores para la región fronteriza EE.UU.-México, donde la rápida urbanización, industrialización e intensificación agrícola resultan en vulnerabilidad por escasez de agua, como la preopcupación primaria por el cambio climático. En porciones de la frontera occidental ubicada dentro del régimen climático del monzón norteamericano, el Panel Intergubernamental de Cambio Climático proyecta incrementos de las temperaturas de 2 • a 4 • C para mediados de siglo y de hasta 3 • a 5 • C para el 2100, junto con una posible disminución de la precipitación de 5 al 8 por ciento. De la misma manera que ocurre con lo concerniente a clima y agua, las respuestas sociales que se proponen también pueden regionalizarse a través de las fronteras. Sin embargo, las respuestas binacionales se ven confrontadas con un paisaje institucional complejo. La coproducción de ciencia y políticas debe situarse en el
Resumen:Este artículo presenta la evolución institucional y legal del servicio urbano de agua potable en México durante la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Además de ofrecer un breve esquema de análisis de la política pública, en la parte principal se proponen tres etapas esenciales por la que ha pasado esta política. Dichas etapas se basan en el tipo de arreglo institucional que caracterizó a la prestación del servicio de agua potable en cada periodo. La primera es la etapa centralista de las juntas federales de agua, prevaleciente de 1948 a 1983; después viene la etapa de la municipalización, iniciada en 1983 en que el servicio se asigna a los gobiernos locales y, en tercer lugar, está la promoción de organismos operadores autónomos y manejados como empresas, iniciada por la Comisión Nacional del Agua a partir de 1989. Al final, se revisan las vicisitudes del impulso a la participación del sector privado en el servicio urbano de agua y el trastorno que éste tuvo ante la crisis económica de 1995.Palabras clave: suministro de agua; política pública; gobierno local; municipio; privatización. Abstract:This article presents the institutional and legal evolution of urban water supply services in Mexico during the second half of the twentieth century. It sets out a brief scheme for public policy analysis and, in its main part, proposes three main stages urban water policy has been through. These stages are based on the institutional arrangement that has characterized water supply in each period. The first is a centralist stage of federal water boards that prevailed from 1948 to 1983, later comes the stage of municipalization started in 1983 when the service was assigned to local governments, and, in third place, the article reviews the promotion of autonomous and business-like operating units undertaken by the National Water Commission in 1989. In the last part, the article reviews the troubles posed by private sector participation in urban water services and the mishap it faced because of the economic 1995 crisis.Key words: water supply; public policy; local government; municipality; privatization.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.