Overall, REBOA can confer a survival benefit over RT, particularly in patients not requiring CPR. Considerable additional study is required to definitively recommend REBOA for specific subsets of injured patients.

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Objective. The goal of this research is to identify factors that affect the likelihood that a congregational attendee will report hearing their clergyperson speak about certain social or political issues. Methods. The data used for this research come from the 2010 Religion and Public Life Survey. We examine three outcomes measuring whether the respondent reports hearing his or her clergy speak about abortion, homosexuality, or the environment. Results. We find that an individual's personal interest in particular social issues increases the likelihood of reporting hearing about those issues from his or her clergyperson. There are also significant religious tradition effects, with Catholics being most likely to report hearing about abortion. Conclusion. These findings shed light on what congregational attendees say they are hearing from their clergy about key social and political issues, which could be very different from what clergy report they are saying, as attendees' reports will be shaped by their attention to, interest in, and interpretation of the clergy's messages.Social scientists have long identified religious congregations as potentially important motivators and organizers of social and political engagement (Morris

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Introduction: The growing scrutiny to improve Emergency Department (ED) wait times and patient flow have resulted in many efforts to increase efficiency and maximize patient throughput via systems improvements. This study investigates areas of efficiency improvement from the Emergency Physician (EP) perspective by examining EP workflow in a two phased observational time-motion study. In the initial phase, the distribution of time and activities of EPs were dissected to identify potential sources for streamlining to maximize physician productivity. The first phase was of the study was completed during the period immediately preceding the implementation of an Electronic Health Records (EHR). The second phase of the study will repeat the analysis one year post EHR implementation. This data will be dissected to again identify sources for streamlining in an EHR environment and to identify shifts in work flow from a paper-based system. Methods: An observational time motion study was conducted at St. Mary's Hospital ED, in Kitchener Ontario. An observer was paired with an EP for the duration of an 8 hour shift, to a total of 14 shifts in the first phase of the study. Nine task categories were measured concurrently with a stopwatch application on a tablet, along with the number of interruptions experienced by the EP. Means of each category were calculated and converted to percentages, representing the amount of time per 8 hour shift dedicated to each activity. The second phase will be repeated in Fall 2020, 1 year after EHR implementation. Results: A total of 14 shifts were observed, accounting for 112 hours of observation. EP's time was allocated amongst the following categories: direct patient interaction (40.8%), documentation (27.1%), reviewing patient results (18.4%), communicating with ED staff (7.63%), personal activities (5.7%), writing orders (5.1%), communicating with consultants (3.3%), teaching (1.7%) and medical information searches (1.3%). On average, EPs experienced 15.8 interruptions over the course of an 8 hour shift. Conclusion: In a paper charting system, the direct patient interaction accounts for the largest timeshare over the course of a given shift. However, the next two largest categories, documentation and reviewing patient data, both represent areas of potential streamlining via clerical improvements. Additionally, detailed measurements of EPs’ activities have proven feasible and provides the potential for future insight into the impact of EHR's on EP workflow.