A 61-year-old man underwent elective primary total hip arthroplasty at an academic center and presented to the emergency department 2 weeks later with a periprosthetic infection. Intraoperative cultures were positive for Streptococcus canis. He was successfully treated with one-stage revision and 6 weeks of intravenous cefazolin. It was later determined that the patient has a pet dog who frequently licks his legs. We hypothesize that patients with pets are more likely to carry this pathogen as part of their skin microbiome, and further research is required to establish whether S. canis poses an infectious risk beyond that of normal group B Streptococcus skin flora and if preoperative decolonization strategies are warranted.

Background:The aim of this study was to characterize the risk of glove perforation among surgical team members performing a typical set of trauma procedures, as well as to identify the rate at which these people recognize potential perforations.Methods: Gloves used in orthopedic trauma room procedures were collected from all participating team members over 2 weeks and were subsequently examined for perfora tions. Perforation rates based on glove position, type, wearer and procedure were assessed.Results: Perforations were found in 5.9% of gloves; 4.3% of the perforations were found in outer gloves and 1.6% in inner gloves. Among the outer gloves, 30.7% of the perforations were recognized by the wearer at the time of perforation; none of the inner glove perforations were recognized, even when they were associated with an accompanying outer glove perforation. Significantly more perforations were identified in the gloves of attending staff than in those of other team members. Attending staff experienced more perforations than other wearers, regardless of whether they were acting as the primary surgeon or as an assistant. Perforations were more common in open reduction internal fixation and amputation procedures. For open reduction internal fixation procedures, longer operative times were associated with more fre quent glove perforations. Conclusion:The rates of glove perforation are high in orthopedic trauma surgeries, and often these perforations are not recognized by the wearer. Attending staff are at an elevated risk of glove perforation. It is recommended that all members of the sur gical team change both pairs of gloves whenever an outer glove perforation is observed. Contexte:Le but de cette étude était de caractériser le risque de perforation des gants chez le personnel du bloc opératoire chargé d'effectuer un ensemble typique d'interventions dans un contexte de traumatologie, et de mesurer à quel point il sait reconnaître les perforations potentielles.Méthodes: Les gants utilisés pour les interventions au bloc opératoire de traumatologie/orthopédie ont été recueillis auprès de tous les membres de l'équipe participants pendant 2 semaines et ont ensuite été examinés pour y déceler des perforations. Les taux de perforation ont été mesurés selon la posi tion, le type, la personne qui portait les gants et l'intervention effectuée.Résultats: Nous avons trouvé des perforations dans 5,9 % des gants; 4,3 % des per forations se trouvaient sur les gants extérieurs et 1,6 % sur les gants intérieurs. Pour les gants extérieurs, 30,7 % des perforations ont été reconnus par la personne qui les portait au moment où elles ont eu lieu; aucune des perforations des gants intérieurs n'a été reconnue, même lorsqu'elles étaient associées à une perforation de la couche supérieure. Un nombre significativement plus élevé de perforations ont été identi fiées dans les gants des médecins traitants que dans ceux des autres membres de l'équipe. Les médecins traitants ont eu plus de perforations que les autres personnes qui portaient des ga...

The aim of this study was to examine short-term and long-term effects of early administration of two dietary oligosaccharide supplements, fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and galactooligosaccharide (GOS) on innate immune parameters in infant Wistar rats. A second aim was to compare the impact of these supplements between sexes. Infant rats were gavaged orally on post natal days (PND) 6–16 with either FOS or GOS solution (0.075 g/50 μL), or with glucose (0.375 g/50 μL) or no gavage as controls while being maintained on an AIN-93G diet post-weaning (n = 8 per treatment/sex). Immune impacts at PND-16 and PND-70 were determined by immunophenotyping via flow cytometry and analyses of whole blood ex vivo TLR ligand responses at PND-70. At PND-16, percentages of CD103+ Dendritic cells (DC) were higher in MLN (P < 0.003) and spleens (P < 0.008) of FOS-treated rats (P < 0.003). At PND-70, CD103+ were unaffected but FOS supplementation had differential effects on MLN and spleen γδ-T cell populations in females versus males. Unstimulated whole blood cultures from rats fed GOS produced less CINC-1 than other treatments (P < 0.02, 57.5 ± 21.6 pg/mL). GOS-fed rats also had lower CINC-1 production in response to TLR2 (Pam3Cys, P < 0.02) and TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide, P < 0.01) stimulation, and produced less IL-1β after TLR4 stimulation (P < 0.05) than rats from all other treatments. Males produced more IL-10 than females after TLR4 stimulation regardless of treatment (P < 0.001, 72.6 ± 11.6 vs. 40.9 ± 8.2 pg/mL). Overall, these results suggest limited impact of early administration of prebiotic supplements FOS and GOS on immune development, with GOS having some long-term potential to modulate TLR2 and TLR4 ligand responses.