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Abstract.A taxonomic synopsis of Peruvian Acianthera including 35 accepted species is presented. An artificial key and maps for known localities from all these species are also included. Acianthera berlinensis sp. nov. and A. marleniae sp. nov. are described and illustrated as new species based on specimens collected in the Peruvian regions of Amazonas and Cajamarca, respectively. Information on the distribution and habitat is provided for both new taxa, followed by a discussion comparing the traits that distinguish them from their closest relatives. A. consatae, A. dodsonii, A. lamia, A. scalpricaulis and A. toachica, previously known only from Ecuador and Bolivia, are herein reported for the first time for the Peruvian flora.

Abstract—Ficus sirensis is described from Ucayali, northern Peru, and a new country record for F. macrosyce Pittier is given. Diagnostic features of both species are illustrated and a taxonomic key of Ficus sect. Pharmacosycea subsect. Petenenses from Peru is presented.

Vanilla armoriquensis, a new species belonging to subgen. Vanilla, is described and illustrated based on living material from Peru. The new species is similar to V. costaricensis but can be easily distinguished by the larger sepals and petals, and a lip with a well-developed triangular apex, bearing a callus with prominent, broad keels, that has an orange coloration at the base and above the middle.

A new species of Epidendrum from the northern Peruvian department of Amazonas belonging to the Incomptum group is described and illustrated. Epidendrum olorteguii is similar to E. tamaense but is easily distinguished by having the flowers green to yellow or rarely ivory white, the sepals lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, the petals narrowly elliptic, acuminate, and the lip trilobed, with lateral lobes prominent, transversely sub-rectangular, basal corners narrowly rounded, distal corner widely rounded and the mid-lobe with two obliquely triangular lobes, the sides involute, the apex with a short, thickened, narrowly triangular, reflexed apiculus. Information on its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status are provided. On the other hand, E. olorteguii is also compared with three morphologically similar species, E. incomptum, E. tamaense and E. ornis.