Background The objective of this study was to determine the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis in preventing postoperative infections after extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. Material and Methods A Parallel-group, randomized, blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed. 154 patients were randomly allocated to 2 groups; experimental (n=77) receiving 2g amoxicillin 1 hour prior to surgery and control (n=77) receiving placebo. Primary outcome was postoperative infections and secondary outcome was the need for rescue analgesia. Results 4.5% of patients developed postoperative infections, five patients of the control group (4 alveolar osteitis, 1 surgical site infection) and two of the experimental group (1 alveolar osteitis, 1 surgical site infection). Difference between groups was not statistically significant, RR=0.4 (95%CI 0.08-1.99, 饾槺=0.41) NNTB=26. Rescue analgesia intake was significantly higher in the control group (41 vs 18 patients of experimental group) RR=0.49 (95%CI 0.32-0.75, 饾槺<0.05) NNTB=3. Conclusions The use of 2g amoxicillin 1 hour before surgery was not effective in significantly reducing the risk of postoperative infections from impacted mandibular third molars extraction, when compared to placebo. Nevertheless, antibiotic prophylaxis was associated with a reduced need for rescue analgesia. Key words: Antibiotic prophylaxis, third molar, tooth extraction, impacted tooth, dry socket, surgical wound infection, oral surgery.
La infecci贸n del c贸ndilo mandibular, artritis s茅ptica, es una enfermedad caracterizada por dolor, fiebre, edema y disminuci贸n funcional de la articulaci贸n temporomandibular. Predomina en hombres adultos y su etiolog铆a incluye distintos factores: enfermedades sist茅micas, autoinmunes, trauma local y diseminaci贸n de infecciones en la regi贸n de cabeza y cuello. Se presenta un caso cl铆nico de artritis s茅ptica en articulaci贸n temporomandibular como complicaci贸n de una celulitis facial infecciosa. El tratamiento consisti贸 en antibioterapia y artrocentesis seriadas con el objetivo de realizar un aseo intraarticular, acompa帽ado de la movilizaci贸n temprana de la articulaci贸n, idealmente con el apoyo de un equipo de kinesiolog铆a. Adem谩s, son muy importantes los controles peri贸dicos y de larga data para poder obtener un mejor resultado cl铆nico en el paciente, controlar en el largo plazo, minimizando los riesgos de presentar disminuci贸n en la din谩mica mandibular y/o anquilosis de la articulaci贸n.
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