Women voiding by Valsalva are at increased risk of urinary retention following MUS placement.

The effect of exogenous growth hormone (GH) treatment on the growth of juvenile yellow perch (Perca flavescens) was investigated in four experiments. In the first two experiments juvenile yellow perch were reared at either 13°C or 21°C, and injected weekly with bovine GH (bGH) at 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 μg/g body weight for 84 days. No significant growth enhancement in GH-treated fish was measured in fish in either of the experiments. In the third experiment, juvenile yellow perch were treated with estradiol-17β (E 2 , 15 μg/g of diet), bGH (1.0 μg/g body weight) injected weekly, or both hormones for 70 days at 21°C. E 2 alone stimulated growth, but no further growth stimulation occurred in the E 2 + bGH treated fish. In addition, no growth enhancement was found in fish treated with bGH alone. We measured no difference in serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels between the treatment groups at 12 and 24 h after the final injection of GH, however, a drop in IGF-I levels after 24 h was revealed. In a fourth study, the effect of recombinant yellow perch GH (rypGH, 0.2 or 1.0 μg/g body weight) injected weekly was evaluated in yellow perch juveniles. The fish were reared for 42 days at 18°C. Neither dose of growth hormone improved growth compared to control-injected and non-injected fish. Taken together, the lack of effect of mammalian GH or rypGH in our experiments suggest (1) low-affinity between these hormones and the GH receptor in yellow perch, (2) that the endogenous GH levels were already at biologically maximal levels, or (3) that other endocrine factors are needed in order for GH to promote yellow perch growth. The reduction in IGF-I levels 24 h after handling suggests a negative effect of handling stress on the GH-IGF-I axis in yellow perch.

No abstract