Between the circular economy and corporate social responsibility, there is an ever-closer connection. Non-financial reporting of social responsibility actions is based on the circular economy concept, so reporting contributes to increasing the level of disclosure of circular strategies. In this context, large companies are required to report non-financial information to understand their activities better. The paper’s objective is to assess the mandatory non-financial reporting of Romanian companies active in the non-financial sector for 2017–2019. The empirical analysis consisted of creating and awarding an evaluation score to the reports of the companies. An econometric model was tested using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) regression to identify the link of the obtained Score with a series of variables representing the characteristics of the companies: Information on a website (I), Foreign ownership (F), Private ownership (P), Listed company (L), Return on assets (ROA), and Return on equity (ROE). Research results highlight a positive correlation between Score and all variables statistically significant in the model. Our study empirically validated the link between non-financial reporting and financial performance. The practical implications for managers can be to focus on improving the quality of non-financial reporting by better presenting the sustainability actions in a circular economy context.

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In Romania, large companies, most of which are multinationals, have made significant progress in integrating the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) into their activity. The concept of CSR in small and medium-sized companies is still in the early stages of reporting, but with great development prospects. Romanian companies have gradually begun to develop their own culture in terms of social responsibility. The main objective of this article is to analyze how Romanian authors approach CSR theories in their research. The CSR action is seen by the authors as an interdependent relationship between corporations and society. Social requirements are generally considered to be a way in which society interacts with the business environment and gives it a certain legitimacy and prestige. Given that the history of the concept of CSR is long and diverse, I must emphasize that this article focuses on the publications of Romanian authors who based their work on a theory of CSR, providing an original perspective and understanding of the concept of CSR. The research methodology approached involves analysis and synthesis appeal. The study shows that integrative theories are the most common, based on the papers of Romanian authors regarding the concept of CSR. Most articles are based on the idea that the business depends on society to continue its activity and to develop, there is an interdependent relationship between the company and society.

This paper presents issues related to non-financial reporting, focusing on sustainability reports. In recent years, corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been asserted as a new form of business governance, CSR being recognized in a global context. Companies have a significant impact on social development in the areas where they operate. Therefore, these companies have a responsibility that extends beyond a simple algorithm that refers to profit. There are a multitude of companies that are profitable in financial terms but have activities that harm their own employees and the community. There are major differences in CSR approach; these differences appear in the literature, where authors perceive differently the responsibilities of a company towards society, but also the way EU member countries implement the Directive 2014/95/EU of the European Parliament and the Council in the national legislation. CSR reporting shows how companies choose to behave in relationships with suppliers, employees, customers, investments, the environment, the company, and people who influence their financial results. Non-financial reporting is related to corporate social responsibility policy, but also to management of the risk and business strategy. By reporting CSR, investors, customers, employees and the company can make a pertinent comparison between companies performance. Approximately half of the EU countries have chosen to include the provisions of the Directive in the accounting legislation and the other countries have chosen to include provisions in other categories of legislation, which shows that not all EU countries attach great importance to the accounting profession in terms of reporting responsibility kind. Most EU countries choose to submit CSR information in a management report or a separate non-financial report, but there are a few countries that choose to report CSR activities in the annual report.

Digitalisation is equally about technology, innovation and how it transforms people's lives in the workplace. When an organization goes through a digital transformation, it must first take into account the main factor that determines the success of this process: employees. If employees are not prepared for this stage of change and remain faithful to old processes, the company will not be able to build products and experiences that meet the demands of today's consumers. The path to a sustainable business begins with its employees. The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the digital skills of employees in European Union countries based on reports published by the European Commission in 2018-2019. The study shows that over half of the European Union countries have a low level of digital skills and should invest in employees, organize training courses and prepare them for the innovation process. To ensure its sustainability, a company must implement its own solutions, develop activities, train its employees so that they are prepared for the innovation process. The social responsibility of the companies regarding the employees appeared in the context in which the companies developed, they adopted new technologies and they focused on digitization. An important factor in the development of a sustainable company is the recruitment of those people who understand the company's sustainable development needs and who have the values, experience and skills necessary to develop and implement the sustainability strategy. Companies need motivated employees to work for the social and environmental aspects relevant to the business and who want to lay the foundations of the infrastructure for sustainability in the company.