Cette étude explore la mise en place d’une communauté de marchands roumains de Braşov (Kronstadt), une ville située dans l’empire d’Autriche à la frontière avec la province ottomane mais autonome de Valachie. Ce nœud commercial et cosmopolitain joue un rôle de pont entre l’est et l’ouest de l’Europe, facilitant la circulation des personnes et des biens entre deux contextes culturels différents. C’est dans ce cadre que la communauté des marchands roumains de Schei, un quartier of Braşov, a développé des stratégies d’adaptation sociale tout en travaillant à s’accroître comme groupe socio-professionnel et à étendre ses réseaux commerciaux. Les stratégies d’adaptation au cadre légal prenaient en compte non seulement l’appartenance relide richesse et les capacités économiques de gieuses mais aussi les liens familiaux, le niveau chaque individu.

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This article explores the role of foreign governesses in the early nineteenth century in the province of Wallachia, a principality in the southeastern part of present-day Romania and a peripheral territory at the intersection of the Habsburg, Russian, and Ottoman empires. It focuses on the professional integration of governesses into Romanian society, exploring their complementary routes of activity, both in private educational networks for the elite and in the emerging educational institutions for girls. Their cultural identities as transnational teachers sometimes collided with local perceptions and employers’ ambitions, and the study sheds light on the different categories of governesses and how they succeeded in keeping up with a certain model for governesses that prevailed in this period.

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Violence was present and had different forms in every family during nineteenthcentury Wallachia, either rich or poor, in rural or urban areas. Remaining in the shadow, almost never discussed between its members or even in public, this social act shocked the penal courts when it reached a critical point. But, during the century, violence between parents and children knew a constant evolution, visible in normative texts and in any written evidence left behind by the contemporaries. Thus, violence became a dynamic element in defining childhood and parent -child relationships.