Goals for public transit agencies and new public transport infrastructure projects include attracting new riders and retaining existing system users. An understanding of the public transport market and its preferences, habits, and attitudes can help public transit agencies reach these goals by shedding light on how to increase customer satisfaction. To understand potential users of one of Montreal’s most recent major transport projects, the Réseau express métropolitain (REM), we conducted a survey in Fall 2019 while the light-rail system was under construction. Drawing on vetted transport market-segmentation frameworks, this study employs an exploratory factor analysis to reveal factors that affect respondents’ propensity to use the REM. A k-means cluster test is applied to the factors to articulate market segments. The analysis returned four clusters that form a clear spectrum of least likely to most likely REM users: car-friendly non-users, urban core potential users, transit-friendly users, and leisure and airport users. Positive opinion, proximity, and desire to use the REM for leisure or non-work trips are three key characteristics of likely users. There is a visible relationship between clusters who are likely to use the REM and clusters who agree that the REM will benefit their neighborhood. Improving people’s perception of the potential benefit of the REM to their neighborhood, better accommodating leisure use, emphasizing and communicating appealing destinations, and highlighting transit connections are four core ways that planners could work to potentially increase the number of people who are likely to use the REM.

This article examines the sociocultural determinants of Nicaraguan women's use of Depo-Provera as a means of contraception. The prevalence of Depo-Provera in Nicaragua is high and increasing compared to other Central American countries. Drawing on data from structured interviews with 87 women and from focus groups with 32 women, we show how women's preference for Depo is shaped by both gendered inequalities and socioeconomic constraints. We employ basic statistical tests to analyse correlations between women's marital status and socioeconomic status (SES) with contraceptive use. Our statistical findings show significant associations between use of Depo and both marital status and SES, such that women who are married or in conjugal unions and women with lower SES are more likely to use Depo. To help explain women's use of Depo-Provera in Nicaragua, we situate our findings within the context of gender, culture, and power, reviewing the contested history of Depo-Provera in the developing world and dynamics of gender inequality, which constrain women's contraceptive choices. We conclude with suggestions for reproductive health programming in Nicaragua and beyond, arguing that gender equity and addressing socioeconomic barriers to family planning remain priorities for the achievement of global reproductive health.

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ObjectiveThis surveillance project aims to increase and broaden coverage ofAedesspp. ovitrap locations in Arizona’s U.S.-Mexico border regionthrough interagency collaboration.IntroductionAs part of a statewide effort to enhance surveillance forAedesspp.mosquitoes (1,2) the Office of Border Health (OBH) took the lead inproviding technical assistance on surveillance in counties borderingMexico. In 2016, OBH sought ways to enhance surveillance in a widergeographic area. Trap locations closer to the border were establishedas a priority, given high amount of traffic across the internationalline, high borderAedesmosquito activity, and native cases of denguereported at the border in Mexico.MethodsThe Arizona Office of Border Health partnered with U.S. Customsand Border Protection to select possible locations for ovitrappingnear the border. Border Patrol Health and Safety Tucson coordinationaccompanied OBH and preparedness staff on three occasions to scoutareas around pre-selected border patrol facilities. County, and borderpatrol staff contributed to trap maintenance. BIDS provided technicalassistance to identify positive traps, collected data for reporting tothe state, and collaborated with experts at the University of Arizonaentomology department to verify results and identifyAedesspp.ResultsOut of 15 border patrol stations within border lands in SantaCruz County, and Cochise County, OBH epidemiologist considered10 viable trapping sites. Two facilities were eventually eliminatedbecause of logistical challenges. OBH visited eight facilities andselected five locations within five miles of the U.S. –Mexicoborder and two located less than 30 miles from the border. OBHepidemiologists inspected sites for potential mosquito habitat and setovitraps low to the ground in areas protected from rain. Some facilitieshad areas of standing water discovered in unused tires, truck-washingstations, heavy-lifting equipment, and natural washes. Border Patrolstaff complained of mosquito activity around some of the stations.After inspection OBH set an average of three traps at each site. Onesite had evidence of mosquito larvae activity.ConclusionsBorder patrol facilities offer ideal trap locations given theirproximity to the international line. Secure facilities offer extraprotection for traps against tampering. The partnership across local,state, tribal, and federal lines allowed Arizona Office of Border Healthto expand surveillance locations, allowing two jurisdictions to set thefirst Aedes-specific traps since Arizona began the 2016 campaign,“Fight the Bite.”