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Background: Celastrus paniculatus is a herb used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine that has been reported to show multiple pharmacological properties. In this study, we explored the antioxidative, hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic potential of C. paniculatus methanolic seed extract (CPMSE) in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats.Materials and methods: Seeds of C. paniculatus were extracted in methanol using Soxhlet extraction method. A total of 36 rats were induced with STZ and HFD and treated with glibenclamide or various concentrations of CPMSE. Upon treatment, blood samples were collected and kidney and liver samples were homogenised. Serum biochemical estimation was performed using several diagnostic kits. Protein was estimated by bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring malondialdehyde level and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity.Results: CPMSE caused improvements in glucose homeostasis, lipid profile, liver function and oxidative stress parameters in a dose-dependent manner. CPMSE significantly decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose and glycated haemoglobin as well as increased insulin level and total protein content. There was an increase in total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG) levels and reduction in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level. There was a decrease in serum levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). CPMSE decreased LPO and increased CAT, SOD and GST activity.Conclusion: CPMSE has hypoglycaemic, hypolipidaemic and antioxidant properties by reducing the oxidative stress.Keywords: diabetes mellitus, Celastrus paniculatus, antioxidant, phytochemicals, phytonutrients, streptozotocin, high-fat diet

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The application of traditional medicines for the treatment of diseases, including diabetic neuropathy (DN), has received great attention. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorative potential of naringin, a flavanone, to treat streptozotocin-induced DN in rat models. After the successful induction of diabetes, DN complications were measured by various behavioral tests after 4 weeks of post-induction of diabetes with or without treatment with naringin. Serum biochemical assays such as fasting blood glucose, HbA1c%, insulin, lipid profile, and oxidative stress parameters were determined. Proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, and neuron-specific markers such as BDNF and NGF, were also assessed. In addition, pancreatic and brain tissues were subjected to histopathology to analyze structural alterations. The diabetic rats exhibited increased paw withdrawal frequencies for the acetone drop test and decreased frequencies for the plantar test, hot plate test, and tail flick test. The diabetic rats also showed an altered level of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters, as well as altered levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters. Naringin treatment significantly improved these parameters and helped in restoring the normal architecture of the brain and pancreatic tissues. The findings show that naringin’s neuroprotective properties may be linked to its ability to suppress the overactivation of inflammatory molecules and mediators of oxidative stress.