Halophytic plants are, by definition, well adapted to saline soils. However, even halophytes can face nutritional imbalance and the accumulation of high levels of compounds such as oxalic acid (OA), and nitrate (NO3−). These compounds compromise the potential nutritional health benefits associated with salt-tolerant plants such as Portulaca oleracea or Purslane. Purslane has long been known to be a highly nutritious leafy vegetable particularly with respect to high levels of omega-3 fatty acids. Thus, preventing the accumulation of non-nutritional compounds will allow plants to be grown in saline conditions as crops. Two ecotypes (ET and RN) of Portulaca oleracea plants were grown under growth room conditions with two levels of salinity (0, 50 mM NaCl) and three ratios of nitrate: ammonium (0:100%; 33:66%; 25:75% NO3−:NH4+). The results show that both ecotypes, when exposed to elevated NO3−, showed severe leaf chlorosis, high levels of OA, citric acid, and malic acid. Compared to ecotype RN, ecotype ET, exposed to elevated NH4+ concentrations (33% and 75%) and 50 mM NaCl, displayed a marked reduction in OA content, increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, crude protein content, total fatty acid (TFA) and α-Linolenic acid (ALA), enhancing leaf quality. This opens the potential to grow high biomass, low OA P. oleracae crops. Lastly, our experiments suggest that ecotype ET copes with saline conditions and elevated NH4+ through shifts in leaf metabolites.

Regarding Jordan's apparent climate change, the urgent need to use treated wastewater for irrigation and the production of forage crops has become an imperative. The possibilities for growing highly profitable forage crops using treated wastewater are discussed in the case of extension demonstrations in Kherbeh Als-Samra region. The economic analysis for extension demonstrations of Kherbeh Als-Samra region is presented. The case report has been prepared in the Zarqa Extension Unit, National Center for Agricultural Research in Jordan between June 2011 and January 2018. Treated wastewater is a very important non-conventional water source of Zarqa Case ReportRiver Basin in Jordan. The main source is the effluent from Kherbeh Als-Samra wastewater treatment plant. The effluent route sided with several types of forage crops. Alfalfa, Egyptian clover, wheat, barley, triticale, rye grass, forage sorghum, silage corn, sweet corn, and Sudan grass are the most planted forage crops. Wadi Dlayl has located in the Zarqa River Basin also, this area is the best for rearing livestock and mainly the dairy cows. Data about economic analysis are presented because of its importance for the profitability and efficiency ratio evaluations. The economic analysis for the forage crops irrigated with treated wastewater in Jordan indicates that rye grass is the highest profitable forage crop for growers. Chemical weed control is used to improve the marketing price of forage crops. However, irrigation modeling, drought-tolerant hybrids, using machinery, and crop rotations must be introduced to improve the efficiency ratio.

Halophytic plants are, by definition, well adapted to saline soils. However, even halophytes can face nutritional imbalance and accumulation of high levels of compounds such as oxalic acid (OA), and nitrate (NO3¯). These compounds compromise the potential nutritional health benefits associated with salt tolerant plants such as Portulaca oleracea. Thus, preventing the accumulation of non-nutritional compounds will allow plants to be grown in saline conditions as crops. To this end, two ecotypes (ET and RN) of Portulaca oleracea plants were grown under growth room conditions with two levels of salinity (0, 50 mM NaCl) and three ratios of nitrate: ammonium (0:100%; 33:66%; 25:75% NO3¯:NH4+). The results showed that both ecotypes exposed to elevated NO3¯, showed severe leaf chlorosis, high levels of OA, citric acid, and malic acid, while plants of ecotype ET exposed to elevated NH4+ concentrations (33% and 75%) and 50 mM NaCl displayed a marked reduction in OA content, increased total chlorophyll and carotenoid contents, crude protein content, total fatty acid (TFA) and α-Linolenic acid (ALA) thus enhancing leaf quality. This opens the potential to grow high biomass, low OA P. oleracae crops. Lastly, our experiments suggest that ecotype ET copes with saline conditions and elevated NH4+ through shifts in leaf metabolites.

This paper examined the strengths, weaknesses, opportuniti es, and threats to new technologies adoption and application in representative sub -humid agricultural communities of Irbid, Madaba, and Karak of Jordan. This is predicated on the need for improved performance and reinvigoration of research tools for better policymaking. Some of the strengths are saving time, increase production, and profitability for new technologies. The study explored socio-economic conditions of pulses farmers to evaluate the impacts of the introduction of new technologies of seeder use, zero-tillage, new pulses varieti es, adding fertilizers with scheduling, using herbicides, using recommended seeding rates, and recommended planting dates. On the other hand, opportunities that can be explored is expected increased incomes. No problems or threats expected to the adoption and application of new technologies. The paper recommends that research and policymakers should pay proper attention to the strengths, weaknesses, opportuniti es, and threats to adoption and application of new technologies with a view of making decisions truly more responsi ve to local concerns and policy.