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The massive integration of renewable energy resources increases the uncertainty with respect to realtime operation of the electrical systems. This transition introduces new challenges and opportunities for various entities that are involved in energy generation, transmission, distribution and consumption such as system operators and market participants in the wholesale electricity market. The concept of Decentralized Energy Management or Demand Response is emerging as one of the main approaches to resolve the violations of the network operation limits and to increase the flexibility of the system. This paper introduces an interaction framework for trading flexibility among proactive end-users in an economically efficient way. It proposes new market participants with their roles and functionalities, that will operate alongside the existing ones to ensure market efficiency and to enable secure operation of distribution grids. The proposed framework consists of a main mechanism called 'ahead-markets scheduling'. The ahead-markets scheduling includes two sub-mechanisms, day-ahead and intra-day, which are operated by a local flexibility market operator. The ahead-markets scheduling provides a trading platform that allows market participants to reflect their need(s) for flexibility and to monetize flexibility services in a fair and competitive manner. It enables flexibility trades which will eventually facilitate network management for the system operator.

1 Abstract-Due to the expected growth in district heating systems in combination with the development of hybrid energy appliances such as heat pumps and micro-combined heat and power installations, new opportunities arise for the management of multi-commodity energy systems, including electricity, heat and gas. The possibility to 'convert' forms of energy using hybrid energy appliances and exploiting flexibility from local production and consumption, can improve the systems' efficiency significantly. This paper extends existing work with a decentralized version of a multi-commodity smart energy management system, in order to deal with flexibility and scalability. The system incorporates both heat and electricity and integrates various types of flexible appliances as well as hybrid energy appliances. To optimally allocate the available resources and its flexibility, the developed multi-agent system aims to perform optimal supply and demand matching of the local resources and flexible appliances, as well as to flatten out the net remaining exchange over time. The proposed method is applied to a test case, where simulation results confirm that the decentralized approach leads to a scalable solution for the management of the multi-commodity smart energy system and performs similar to the centralized approach.Index Terms-Combined heat and power; demand-side management; distributed algorithms; heat pump; multi-agent systems; multi-commodity; smart energy systems;

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