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This study evaluates a number of methodological aspects regarding the recording and analysis of social behaviour in mole rat colonies (Bathyergidae, Rodentia). Behavioural observations were carried out on a colony of wild-caught Fukomys micklemi, in order to define an efficient, standardised method for future research. First, durations of work behaviour were scored and compared with data expressed as frequencies (recording method used in previous research). Second, a comparison was made between a terrarium set-up and a set-up with a perspex tunnel system, including a digging unit. Third, observations were carried out at different times of the day in order to map daily activity patterns. Our results show that the set-up with the tunnel system evokes more work activity and increases behavioural resolution. Using frequencies showed to be a better proxy for activity than the labour-intensive scoring of durations. Interindividual variation in activity patterns over a 24-h period were shown to be highly variable, and the moment of peak activity was not consistent. Observations should thus be carried out randomly during the day to avoid any temporal bias

A caste system, based on work activity and reproduction, has been proposed in the two African mole-rat species which are generally considered eusocial, Heterocephalus glaber and Fukomys damarensis. Social behaviour in other Fukomys species is key to understanding evolution of sociality within bathyergids, which display a social continuum among species from solitary to eusocial. Furthermore, insight in the social structure of colonies may be instrumental in understanding the observed, extensive intraspecific morphological variation and ultimately help species delimitation. For the first, time social organisation was studied in a colony of wild-caught Fukomys micklemi (Sekute cytotype) from Zambia. Data were collected on work behaviour and analysed against morphological variables and biting performance. Although there was considerable variation in the amount of work performed by each individual, clearly distinguishable castes were not found. Castes might represent an artificial subdivision, which does not necessarily reflect the dynamic changes within a colony. Variation in work may be the result of an ongoing process of continuous change, whereby a colony undergoes a certain evolution that is reflected in developmental patterns of individuals. Ecological factors will undoubtedly play an important role in colony evolution. Consequently, predictions made according to the Aridity Food Distribution Hypothesis should be tested, taking into account the possibility of a dynamic model as described here. The relation between biting performance and behavioural traits was investigated for the first time. Whereas differences in biting performance were strongly correlated with morphological parameters, relation between work and biting performance remains unclear.