Age at onset, debut symptoms, optic nerve signs, and severity of symptoms were evaluated from the medical records of 135 patients with MS. HLA-D/DR2 was significantly more frequent in rapidly progressive MS, and D/DR2 seemed to confer both susceptibility to the disease and to more rapid progression. However, D/DR3 seemed to protect against rapid progression.

Affection of the optic nerves play a central role in multiple sclerosis (MS) symptomatology. In reported autopsy series the prevalence of optic neuropathy has approached 100%. In the present study subclinical affection of the optic nerves was investigated by visual evoked response (VER), Farnworth-Munsell 100 Hue test (FM 100 Hue test) and Ishihara plates in 17 patients with normal visual acuity and without a history of acute optic neuritis. Optic neuropathy was demonstrated in 72% of the eyes. The occurrence of optic neuropathy was also investigated by the same methods in 16 patients with previous acute optic neuritis, which was bilateral in 5 patients. Affection of the optic nerves was demonstrated in 95% in this group. The affection of also the fellow eye in patients with previous monolateral optic neuritis is unexplained. It may be an analogue to the symmetry of plaques found in the brain and the spinal cord. The cause of this peculiar distribution of lesions is, like the ethiology of MS, unexplained at present. In comparing the different methods of demonstrating optic neuropathy, VER is recommended as the method of choice.

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This study has been performed to evaluate slight pareses in patients with multiple sclerosis by means of mechanical endurance experiments. The results are compared with manual grading of pareses in patients and with healthy controls. On average, concordance was found between manual and mechanical estimation but the method is not advantageous for clinical purposes.

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