No abstract

The limited raw material is the weakness of these findings. Wood and wood products in Indonesia are very resistant to biodeterioration primarily by termites and certain fungi. Research conducted by Hadi, Nurhayati, Jasni, Yamamoto, & Kamiya (2012) says that the results of wood products for buildings such as Alba, pine, and rubber are found to have many termite pests, brown rot fungi, and white-rot fungi.

Mangrove plants have been reported as resources of many traditional folk of medicine and contain several kinds of trace elements which are being used to treat diseases. The aim of this study was to analyzed the phytochemical compounds of mangrove leaves. Our previous studies showed that the extract of mangrove leaves tend to be polar. The acetone and methanol extract of the mangrove leaves had high anti termite and antifungal activity. Based on this information, phytochemical content of mangrove leaves have been analyzed to find out the chemical substances that responsible for the bioactivity properties. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content using a calibration curve of gallic acid, while for phytochemical were analyzed using spectrofotometric method. The results showed that the acetone extract of mangrove leaves containing alkaloid, polyphenolic, flavonoid, and total tannin higher than the methanol extract. This data will be further analyzed to obtain the compounds that may responsible for the biological performance of mangrove leaves.

There is no study conducted to investigate the composition and biomass of Macrotermes gilvus Hagen in natural forest ecosystem. This study aimed to analyze the colony composition and biomass of  M. gilvus Hagen colony in natural forest and to evaluate the need of food of the species as well as factors affecting it. Research was conducted in Yanlappa Sanctuary, Bogor, West Java. Termites were surveyed by collecting individual M. gilvus Hagen from different colony at different size of mound, small (0 – 0.99 m), medium (1- 1.99 m), large (? 2 m) and then were measured the number of individuals, wet and dry body mass, ratio of dry or wet body mass, and the average of biomass. Results indicated that the small mount was dominated by workers, whereas the medium and the large nest was dominated by nymph. Mean of the termite biomass was 936 kg/ha2. Average of termite biomass collected from large mount was 949.8 kg/km2, medium mount was 605.2 kg/ha2 and small mount was about 537.5 kg/ha2. Factor affecting the biomass of subterranean termite M. gilvus Hagen are food source, energy efficiency, predators, and environment. The presence of termite mounds influences natural ecosystem, but that the type of mound plays a crucial role in determining the nature of the effects. ABSTRAK: Kajian tentang komposisi koloni dan biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam belum pernah dilakukan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis komposisi koloni dan biomas koloni anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen di hutan alam dan menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pemakanannya. Kajian ini dilakukan di Cagar Alam Yanlappa, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Hasil kaji selidik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan koloni didasarkan pada ukuran tinggi sarang. Sarang kecil (0 – 0.99 m), sarang sedang (1- 1.99 m),  dan sarang besar (? 2 m) dan ukuran berat basah, berat kering serta kadar berat basah atau berat kering, dan rata-rata biomas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa sarang kecil didominasi oleh koloni pekerja, sementara itu sarang serdahana dan sarang besar didominasi oleh koloni nympha.  Rata-rata biomas yang ditemukan untuk sarang besar 949.8 kg/ha2, sarang serdahana 605.2 kg/ha2, dan sarang kecil 537.5 kg/ha2.  Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi biomas anai-anai tanah M. gilvus Hagen adalah makanan, tenaga, pemangsa dan lingkungan. Kehadiran koloni anai-anai mempengaruhi ekosistem semulajadi, tetapi jenis koloni memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan sifat kesannya.

Warehouse pest insects contained in commodities can affect the quality and quantity of the commodity. Every industry which has a commodity stored in warehouses makes efforts to prevent damage to the commodity. Control of insect pests during storage is generally conducted by fumigations with phosphine (PH3) and sulfuryl fluoride (SO2F2). This study aims to analyze and compare sulfuryl fluoride and phosphine fumigants in controlling pest insects in the animal feed industry warehouses in Semarang, Central Java. The test insects used are all kinds of insects found on piles of commodities that will be fumigated. The test used is the mortality test. Observations are carried out before and after fumigation takes place. The one-way ANOVA with the Tukey follow-up test was employed to analyze the data. There was a difference in the average mortality of warehouse pest insects between treatments and the highest mortality rate in fumigation using sulfuryl fluoride. Thus, fumigants sulfuryl fluoride and phosphine can affect the mortality of warehouse pest insects. Fumigation using sulfuryl fluoride is easy to apply, more effective, and exposure time is faster compared to phosphine.