Summary This paper presents a novel fractional‐order PID plus derivative with filter coefficient (FOPID‐DN) controller for automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system using the MATLAB/Simulink environment. An AVR system is employed in the power system to maintain the terminal voltage at the desired level. Parameters of the proposed FOPID‐DN controller are optimally tuned by the recently developed Equilibrium Optimizer (EO) algorithm. Performance of the designed FOPID‐DN controller for an AVR system is compared with various controllers which are optimally tuned by different optimization algorithms. Comparative transient response analysis of the proposed technique has been carried out by considering vital transient response indicators like maximum overshoot, rise time, and settling time. Performance analysis of the proposed technique for an AVR system has been done by considering several input conditions. Robustness analysis of the EO algorithm tuned FOPID‐DN controller has been performed by varying the time constants of different components in an AVR system. The capability of the FOPID‐DN controller to handle nonlinearities of an AVR system has been investigated. The stability of the FOPID‐DN controlled AVR system has been analyzed. In addition, the disturbance rejection capability of the FOPID‐DN controlled AVR system has also been investigated. From the various simulation results obtained using the MATLAB/Simulink environment, it has been observed that the proposed FOPID‐DN‐based AVR system provided better performance as compared to different existing controllers.

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This article presents a novel application of an optimal Multi‐term Fractional‐Order PID (MFOPID) controller for improving the performance of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. A recently developed Rao algorithm has been used to optimize the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller. The effectiveness of the Rao algorithm tuned Multi‐term FOPID controller for the AVR system has been proved by performing transient response, robustness, and performance analyses. Statistical analysis of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controlled AVR system has been carried out to explore the most effective performance index among ITAE, ITSE, ISE, and IAE. The external disturbance rejection capability of the Rao algorithm‐tuned MFOPID controller has been examined by injecting external disturbances into the AVR system of different capacities at different times. The superiority of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller is validated by comparing the simulation results with recently employed various PID, PID‐Acceleration (PIDA), and FOPID controllers tuned by different metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the behavior of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller has been examined in a real synchronous generator that is connected to a 10,000 MVA, 230 kV electric power network via a 210 MVA transformer using a MATLAB/Simulink environment. From the various simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed Rao algorithm tuned optimal and robust Multi‐term FOPID controller has significantly improved the performance, robustness and stability of the AVR system.

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