Visual and anatomical outcomes varied among categories of RD. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were associated with the best outcomes (anatomical success and globe conservation), whereas TRDs generally had poorer visual and anatomical outcomes.

Incisions used for orbital floor exploration continues to remain a topic of controversy. Historically, 3 incisions have been used for orbital floor repair: transconjunctival, subciliary, and subtarsal. Past studies have attempted to stratify the superiority of one incision over the others. Insufficient level of evidence and inconsistent methodology have lead to inconclusive data. Our authors performed a systematic review of literature to assess the quality of evidence in literature and recommend guidelines for incisions for repairing orbital fractures. Thirty-one articles were identified, comprising a total of 4688 incisions. Technique along with individual benefits and complication profiles for each incision is reviewed. Objectivity and follow-up time intervals are necessary parameters for evaluating incisions for orbital floor exploration to further define guidelines.

BackgroundPediatric retinal disorders, although uncommon, can be challenging to assess in the clinic setting and often requires an exam under anesthesia. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the use of ultra-wide field retinal imaging in children without sedation in an outpatient clinic.MethodsWe performed a retrospective case series of patients 18 years or younger who received ultra-wide field imaging over a one year period. The age, gender, and clinical course were documented. Color fundus and red-free images were reviewed to assess field of view. Ultra-wide field autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) was evaluated for abnormal autofluorescence patterns and ultra-wide field fluorescein angiography (UWF-FA) was assessed for angiographic phase and field of view.ResultsA total of 107 eyes of 55 patients with a mean age of 11.1 years (SD 3.7 years, range 3–18 years) were evaluated. Twenty-seven (49%) patients were male. The most common diagnosis was retinopathy of prematurity (7 of 55 patients, 12.7%) followed by trauma (7.4%), Coats disease (7.4%), and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (7.4%). The number of quadrants visualized anterior to the equator correlated with patient age (r = 0.4, p < 0.01). On UWF-FA, 6 of 14 patients (43%) had images of the arterial phase captured and 14 of 14 patients (100%) had images of the venous phase or later captured.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that UWF imaging is obtainable in children as young as 3 years old without sedation. UWF fundus photography, UWF-FAF and UWF-FA were useful clinical adjuvants to examination and provide additional information for documenting and monitoring pediatric retinal diseases.

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