Big data has brought a revolution in the world of data analytics. Data that was discarded a few years back is now considered a powerful asset. Big data is now being extensively used for knowledge discovery by all sectors of society. It is produced by almost all digital processes and is stored, shared on web. This reliance of big data on web model poses serious security concerns. Traditional security methods cannot be applied to big data due to its large volume, variety and volume. Also since big data contains person specific information, privacy is a major security concern. The three important privacy preservation methods are: data anonymization, notice and consent and differential privacy. In this paper we discuss these privacy preservation methods for big data and how differential privacy is a better solution for big data privacy.

Big data is creating hype in IT industry. Knowledge discovery from big data can allow organizations to have deeper insights, look at the bigger picture and project big returns. There are various principles that have been presented for knowledge discovery from big data by ORNL (Oak Ridge National University), USA. These are: (i) support a variety of analysis methods, (ii) one size doesn't fit all, (iii) make data accessible. However timeliness and security still pose great challenges in the knowledge discovery process. Timely analysis of big data is essential because data is being produced at a very high velocity. Security of big data is difficult to ensure since big data solutions were not developed with security in mind. In this paper, we give a view of various big data dimensions and present two new principles based on security and timely analysis for knowledge discovery from big data.

Introduction: Indigenous women in Canada suffer disproportionately adverse prenatal outcomes due to access barriers in Canada's healthcare system. This paper aims to identify barriers Indigenous women face in accessing prenatal care in Canada. Methods: A literature search was conducted by all three authors using the following databases: PubMed, SCOPUS and CINAHL, and the keywords "Indigenous," "prenatal care," "access barriers," "maternal health," and "Canada." The search results yielded a total of 100 studies. Results: The studies included were written in English only, included Indigenous females between the age of 19-35, and excluded review articles. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Participants in the studies examined did not have any severe underlying medical conditions for the duration of the study, and study designs included in the review are prospective cohort, cross-sectional, case report, and case-control studies. Five studies discussed the geographical distribution of facilities as the first major barrier to accessing prenatal care. Four studies identified distrust between patients and healthcare providers as the second major barrier, and six studies identified lack of culturally sensitive prenatal care as the third major access barrier. Discussion: The study found three main barriers Indigenous women face in accessing prenatal care in Canada; the geographical distribution of healthcare facilities, distrust between patients and healthcare professionals, and cultural sensitivity. Some changes in Canada's healthcare system to reduce access barriers to prenatal care include building more birthing and prenatal care facilities in rural areas for Indigenous women, educating healthcare professionals on culturally sensitive healthcare, and involving Indigenous people in decision-making to reduce distrust and power imbalances. Conclusion:The involvement of Indigenous women and community leaders is essential in making decisions regarding implementing effective healthcare and prenatal programs for Indigenous women. However, further research is required to understand the effectiveness of the solutions and the barriers that make prenatal care less accessible for Indigenous women in Canada.