В статье указывается на неубедительность существующих теоретических объяснений формирования союзов в послевоенной Европе. Предпринята попытка очертить механизм выстраивания союзнических отношений между государствами, для чего сформулирована модель внутриполитической элитной конкуренции с косвенным участием в ней внешних игроков. Проводится проверка выведенных из модели гипотез на примере борьбы за власть между коммунистами и социал-демократами в Италии во второй половине 1940-х гг. Согласно анализу, иностранная помощь СССР и США каждой из двух групп соответственно сыграли ключевую роль в определении внешнеполитического курса Рима.
Although great powers may forge ad hoc coalitions to attain their short-term goals, this does not diminish the role of long-term strategic alliances. The alliance theory has long become a separate strand of IR. However, most scholars have focused more on external rather than internal threats to account for alliance choices. The authors review the existing literature on the formation of alliances and, shifting the focus to the struggle for power between internal political actors, propose a theory that explains the formation of asymmetric alliances. By extending support to friendly political groups, great powers can build alliances with those countries where the elites are facing formidable opponents. On the contrary, leaders who rule unchallenged have little incentive to rely on external patrons. The article examines the cases of postwar Italy and Yugoslavia to test the proposed hypotheses. The conclusions drawn from the analysis help formulate recommendations that can be used by Russia in its current strategic environment.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.