Background The continuous growth of the older adult population will have implications for the organization of health and social care. Potentially, in-home monitoring unobtrusive sensing systems (USSs) can be used to support formal or informal caregivers of older adults, as they can monitor deviant physical and physiological behavior changes. Most existing USSs are not specific to older adult care. Hence, to facilitate the implementation of existing USSs in older adult care, it is important to know which USSs would be more suitable for older adults. Objective This scoping review aims to examine the literature to identify current USSs for monitoring human activities and behaviors and assess their implementation readiness for older adult care. Methods We conducted a structured search in the Scopus, Web of Science, and ACM Digital Library databases. Predefined inclusion criteria included studies on unobtrusive sensor-based technology; experimental in nature; aimed at monitoring human social, emotional, physical, and physiological behavior; having the potential to be scalable in in-home care; and having at least 5 adults as participants. Using these criteria, we screened studies by title, abstract, and full text. A deductive thematic analysis based on the Proctor implementation framework along with an additional outcome of external validity was applied to the included studies to identify the factors contributing to successful implementation. Finally, the identified factors were used to report the implementation readiness of the included studies for older adult care. Results In this review, 52 studies were included. Deductive analysis using the implementation framework by Proctor resulted in six factors that can contribute to the successful implementation of USSs in older adult care: study settings, age of participants, activities monitored, sensor setup, sensing technology used, and usefulness of USSs. These factors were associated with the implementation outcomes as follows: study settings and age of participants contributed to external validity, sensor setup contributed to acceptability, usefulness of USSs contributed to adoption, activities monitored contributed to appropriateness, and sensing technology used contributed to implementation cost. Furthermore, the implementation assessment of the included 52 studies showed that none of the studies addressed all the identified factors. This assessment was useful in highlighting studies that have addressed multiple factors; thus, these studies represent a step ahead in the implementation process. Conclusions This review is the first to scope state-of-the-art USSs suitable for older adult care. Although the included 52 USS studies fulfilled the basic criteria to be suitable for older adult care, systems leveraging radio frequency technology in a no-contact sensor setup for monitoring life risk or health wellness activities are more suitable for older adult care. Finally, this review has extended the discussion about unobtrusiveness as a property of systems that cannot be measured in binary because it varies greatly with user perception and context.

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Computers are the electronic brains of the era, technology's greatest gift to mankind. The functioning of these electronic brains is controlled by humans. Interaction between the computer and humans is possible with the help of various devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, light pen, track ball, barcode reader, etc. Of these devices, the mouse performs various crucial functions in the most user-friendly way. This paper conveys work to implement the same functionalities without the use of external, bulky devices. Hand gestures can be used for natural and intuitive interaction of the user with a computer [1]. This paper intends to replicate different hand gestures as mouse functionalities using image processing tools and techniques. General Termscursor movements, hand gestures, morphological operations.

The demand for smart solutions to support people with dementia (PwD) is increasing. These solutions are expected to assist PwD with their emotional, physical, and social well-being. At the moment, state-of-the-art works allow for the monitoring of physical well-being; however, not much attention is delineated for monitoring the emotional and social well-being of PwD. Research on emotion monitoring can be combined with research on the effects of music on PwD given its promising effects. More specifically, knowledge of the emotional state allows for music intervention to alleviate negative emotions by eliciting positive emotions in PwD. In this direction, the paper conducts a state-of-the-art review on two aspects: (i) the effect of music on PwD and (ii) both wearable and non-wearable sensing systems for emotional state monitoring. After outlining the application of musical interventions for PwD, including emotion monitoring sensors and algorithms, multiple challenges are identified. The main findings include a need for rigorous research approaches for the development of adaptable solutions that can tackle dynamic changes caused by the diminishing cognitive abilities of PwD with a focus on privacy and adoption aspects. By addressing these requirements, advancements can be made in harnessing music and emotion monitoring for PwD, thereby facilitating the creation of more resilient and scalable solutions to aid caregivers and PwD.

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