No abstract

Introduction. COVID-19 is responsible for the current global pandemic. Globally, over 15 million people are currently infected, and just over 600,000 have died due to being infected. It is known that people with chronic illnesses and compromised immune systems can develop more severe clinical presentation. Tuberculosis is still one of the biggest epidemiological problems worldwide. Both of these diseases can be misdiagnosed and can manifest in a similar way. We will present a case study of a patient who was initially treated as a COVID-19 infection, with Tuberculosis being diagnosed later on. The recovery began only after being treated for both diseases simultaneously. Case report. The patient is a 27-year-old male, non-smoker, with no history of any significant diseases. He presented with fever, fatigue and hemoptysis. Computed tomography pulmoangiography had shown massive consolidations and excavations, which could be caused by COVID-19. Despite being treated for COVID-19, there was no clinical improvement. On the follow-up chest X-radiograohy, beside signs of COVID-19, there were also changes that could indicate Tuberculosis. Tuberculosis was detected in sputum, using PCR and Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube, and only after being treated for both diseases did his condition improve. Conclusion. There are a few reported cases of COVID-19 and Tuberculosis coinfections, and we believe that there are many more patients with this coinfection being unrecognized.

Introduction. COVID-19 pneumonia doesn?t have a characteristic course and prognosis. Many facts still remain hidden, mainly why certain patients develop complications with serious tissue damage and whether it causes a permanent organ impairment. If and when will fibrosis develop in COVID-19 pneumonia requires further research, but a link between the amount of tissue afflicted and the development of fibrosis exists. Case outline. A previously healthy, non-smoker, woman with minor symptoms on admission had suddenly developed a serious respiratory insufficiency and whose radiographic finding on computed tomography scan had shown a serious progression with the development of fibrosis in a matter of days. The exact mechanism and correlation of this clinical course remains unknown; however, it is clear that the pulmonary fibrosis is caused by COVID-19 pneumonia. Follow-up computed tomography scan, performed 50 days after initial symptoms, had shown a partial regression of consolidations and post-inflammatory fibrosis. Conclusion. Pulmonary fibrosis is the most severe complication of COVID-19 infection on the respiratory system. Who, when and if will develop any complication is still unclear, as well as if these changes are reversible? Also, the number of recovered patients who later develop any of the chronic complications remains to be seen.

Introduction. Orbit is one of the rarer locations for the metastasis of malignant tumors. The symptoms of orbital tumors are nonspecific, but require detail diagnostics. Methods of visualization, such as ultrasound, radiography, computed tomography scan and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the endocranium are a mandatory step in the diagnostics in order to determine not only the spread of the malignancy but also the affliction of the surrounding structures. The orbital manifestations can be the first sign of the malignant disease. Outline of cases. The first case report presents a female patient with ocular symptomatology as a result of a metastasis of previously undiscovered breast cancer, and the second report presents a male patient with undiscovered lung cancer also presenting with ocular symptomatology. Conclusion. An orbital tumor should instigate further diagnostic procedures, as it can be the first sign of a disseminated malignant disease. [Projects of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no.175046 and Grant no.175081]

Neurosarcoidosis is a relatively common extrapulmonary form of sarcoidosis. It is characterized by variable clinical presentation, low probability of spontaneous remission, and significant impact on the quality of life, as well as potential increase in mortality. In addition to corticosteroids, other drugs are used in the treatment of neurosarcoidosis, such as methotrexate, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a) inhibitors, infliximab and adalimumab. In this paper, by reviewing the available literature, we have attempted to consolidate the current knowledge and novelties in the treatment of neurosarcoidosis, for the purpose of assisting physicians in their day-to-day clinical work. Previous studies still favor pulsed doses of corticosteroids, while other forms of therapy have proven beneficial only in individual cases. However, it should be noted that additional research is needed in order to successfully develop individual therapy.