The article covers the connection between the sustainable development policy implementation and combating slowing the rate of climate warming in terms of the Russian regions' development. The purpose of the article is to determine the directions of the regional sustainable development policy in accordance with modern global challenges. Linear approaches to the "green" economy implementation have led to deep socio-economic crises in the EU countries. On the contrary, non-linear and systemic solutions make it possible to set many goals when developing programs for the Russian regions' development. The example of combating greenhouse gas emissions shows the connection between human development and the ecological footprint of economic activities. Sustainable development is understood as the ability of socio-ecological and economic systems to achieve high indicators of the population's life quality and the growth of the biological productivity of nature. The main indicators of such a policy can be described by the human development index, the ecological footprint associated with the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. The use of tools for the regions' socio-economic development aimed at organizing the use of resources that does not reduce the biological productivity of ecosystems makes it possible to adjust regional policy in terms of sustainable development. In this regard, the Sustainable Development Goals, as defined in the UN Convention of 2015, as well as under the Paris Agreement, which has also been ratified by Russia, are being achieved. National policy in these areas should cover three main levels: national, regional and enterprise level. If the "Strategy for the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation with Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions until 2050" is identified at the national level, then the development strategies of the federation constituent entities should be revised, and management standards for enterprises in the field of sustainable development, parameters for greenhouse gas emissions and low-carbon technologies should be developed.