Methods for correcting aberrations of images, obtained by an optoelectronic camera with the use of preliminary measured calibration function, provoke wide interest in recent years. For the most part these methods are not characterized by high accuracy and are typically used for cameras with objectives having rather high relative distortion. In this article the method is discussed for measuring distortion of a wide-angle objective for calibration of photoelectric cameras designed to measure angular coordinates of remote objects with the accuracy as high as 10 arcseconds. It is proposed to use an air mirror-wedge as a test object, which allows creating a sheaf of collimated beams. The calibration function of a photoelectric camera is calculated by mathematical post-processing of the recorded frames.The proposed method was experimentally tested for photoelectric cameras with full angular fi elds-of-view of 21 degrees and angular pixel sizes of 20 arcseconds. The subpixel accuracy of determining the calibration function is demonstrated.

No abstract

An increase in the number of cars is higher than rates of transport infrastructure development, resulting in a reduction of cargo and passenger transportation efficiency in city conditions. Simulation of flow irregularity in time (peak hour) shows the key role of a car motion interval as a factor of overcoming accumulation at average speed reduction in conditions of highly loaded roads. To reduce the effective time of driver reaction, defining the least distance between cars, it is necessary to minimize the influence of human factors. Automation of the process (unmanned control) requires an effective exchange of navigation and route data between traffic participants. A summary of requirements for such an information exchange system defines the priority of the suggested communication and navigation system (CNS) on the base of radio broadcast communication. Its application gives an opportunity to rise simultaneously traffic safety and efficiency. An increase in neighbor driver action predictability leads to traffic safety ensuring. The exchange of data with traffic control centers (TCC) enables the centralization of motion regulation. A distributed network of transceiver stations forms a local positioning system based on trilateration principles. Algorithms of onboard positioning result verification and automatic resolution of communication conflicts ensure high reliability of CNS functioning. Refusal from point-to-point communication principles allows it to operate even in conditions of high car density up to several thousand per square kilometer. In cooperation with advanced technologies of traffic organization (formation of city highway grid and “total green wave” mode), CNS and TCC are capable of rising the average speed in city conditions higher than 45 km/hour. The aggregate economy of expense on last mile transportation because of the suggested innovations is to be at the level of several GDP percent due to a decrease in accidents and congestion even without accounting for social and ecological effects.

The analysis of the implementation problems of technical vision systems based on the use of time-of-flight laser lidars is carried out. It is concluded that the implementation of vision systems with acceptable parameters dictates an excessively high cost of the lidar. An alternative version of the lidar implementation is considered – a gated lidar based on a laser vision system. Replacing the broadband detector and high-speed scanning system with a gated CCD-matrix can significantly reduce the cost of the lidar while ensuring the high resolution of the lidar. The analysis of the dependence of the signal-to-noise ratio for gated lidar with and without an electron-optical converter has shown that in bad weather conditions the decrease in the gain of the useful signal when the image intensifier is excluded is compensated by the exclusion of the EOC's noise factor, so that the loss in the observation distance is less than 15%.

This paper presents the analysis and experimental research of an original scheme of the solid-state laser resonator, capable of emitting subnanosecond radiation pulses with controllable duration. For this purpose, it is proposed to use the controllable Michelson interferometer, containing an electro optical phase modulator as a composed output resonator mirror. In this case, the interferometer provides the active resonator mode locking as well as the fast resonator Q-switching mode for effective generation of the output radiation pulses with variable duration.