Introduction. The leading place in the Russian Federation and in the world is occupied by cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and peripheral vascular diseases), which are the main cause of disability and death worldwide. The aim of the research was to study the prevalence of cardiovascular pathology in workers of the aluminum industry. Material and methods. We examined 66 workers of the aluminum facility without occupational pathology and 135 employees who never worked in adverse working conditions (the control group). All the examined subjects were men; the average age accounted for 52.08±0.4 years. Results. The study showed the workers of the aluminum facility to develop such diseases of the cardiovascular system as arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis with lesions of peripheral and extracranial arteries, as well as multifocal atherosclerosis more often than in those who do not work in adverse working conditions (the control group). Conclusion. The unfavorable occupational factors of aluminum industry are an additional risk factor for the development of cardiovascular pathology.

Introduction. Adverse working conditions can contribute to the development of not only occupational pathology, but also diseases with complex multifactorial etiology, such as hypertension, coronary heart disease, disorders of the musculoskeletal system, chronic non-specifi c respiratory diseases, as well as the formation of combined pathology, which worsens the course of these diseases and leads to the development of complications.The aim of the study is to study the manifestations of somatic pathology in coal industry workers with vibration disease.Materials and methods. We examined 144 coal mine workers with vibration disease caused by local vibration, and 161 control group miners who have been working in contact with local vibration for a long time (15 years or more) and do not have professional pathology.It was found that employees of coal mines with vibration disease more often (70,8%) than workers of the control group (27,3%) (p<0,001), there is a pathology of internal organs: diseases of the cardiovascular system (mainly arterial hypertension), diseases of the digestive system (functional disorders of the biliary tract and non-alcoholic fatt y liver disease), kidney diseases (mainly chronic pyelonephritis), as well as a combination of these diseases. With a more severe course of vibration disease (II degree), pathology of internal organs is more common (81.2%) than in patients with vibration disease of I degree (46.5%) (p<0.001). Conclusions. In miners with vibration disease, more oft en than in the control group, there is a pathology of internal organs: the cardiovascular system, digestive organs, kidneys, as well as a combination of several somatic diseases. In individuals with grade II vibration disease, internal organ pathology is more common than in patients with grade I vibration disease. Th e results obtained should be considered when developing treatment and rehabilitation measures for medical examinations and conducting preventive medical examinations of coal industry workers. 

Anthracosilicosis (AS), a prevalent form of pneumoconiosis among coal miners, results from the accumulation of carbon and silica in the lungs from inhaled coal dust. This study investigated genotoxic effects and certain cytokine genes polymorphic variants in Russian coal miners with АS. Peripheral leukocytes were sampled from 129 patients with AS confirmed by X-ray and tissue biopsy and from 164 asymptomatic coal miners. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped in the extracted DNA samples: IL1β T-511C (rs16944), IL6 C-174G (rs1800795), IL12b A1188C (rs3212227) and VEGFA C634G (rs2010963). Genotoxic effects were assessed by the analysis of chromosome aberrations in cultured peripheral lymphocytes. The mean frequency of chromatid-type aberrations and chromosome-type aberrations, namely, chromatid-type breaks and dicentric chromosomes, was found to be higher in AS patients [3.70 (95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.29-4.10) and 0.28 (95% CI, 0.17-0.38)] compared to the control group [2.41 (95% CI, 2.00-2.82) and 0.09 (95% CI, 0.03-0.15)], respectively. IL1β gene T/T genotype (rs16944) was associated with AS [17.83% in AS patients against 4.35% in healthy donors, odds ratio = 4.77 (1.88-12.15), P < 0.01]. A significant increase in the level of certain chromosome interchanges among AS donors is of interest because such effects are typical for radiation damage and caused by acute oxidative stress. IL1β T allele probably may be considered as an AS susceptibility factor among coal miners.

Introduction. Th e actual problem of modern occupational health is the study of the role of exogenous and endogenous factors in the development of occupational pathology of the bronchopulmonary system. То identify groups at increased risk of developing a dusty pathology of the bronchopulmonary system, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of clinical and genetic factors, as well as to determine the most signifi cant diagnostic markers of the development of this pathology.The aim of the study was to study the genetic status of a set of biochemical and molecular genetic markers, as well as biochemical parameters of blood and respiratory function in coal industry workers with chronic dust bronchitis and persons of the control group.Materials and methods. 115 workers of coal mines from the South of Kuzbass aged from 39 to 58 years were examined in the Clinic of the Institute. Among them — 71 people with a previously established diagnosis of chronic dust bronchitis (the main group) and 44 people of the control group of persons working in the same sanitary conditions, but not having this pathology. A complex of clinical, biochemical and genetic methods of research was used in the study, and functional parameters of the bronchopulmonary system were evaluated. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 22 soft ware. Results. Statistically signifi cant diff erences between biochemical (increase in the concentration of ceruloplasmin and α–1antitrypsin) and immunological parameters (increase in the total number of leukocytes and ESR, increase in the concentration of IgG) in miners with chronic dust bronchitis and coal industry workers without this pathology were revealed. The dependence of the functional changes of the respiratory system with the development of professional pathology is determined. Th e persons of the main group showed a statistically signifi cant decrease in functional parameters (forced exhalation per second and lung capacity), increased respiratory failure. A predisposition to the development of dust bronchitis in the owners of the HP 1–1 genotype and resistance to the formation of this pathology in persons with the HP 2–2 genotype were found. Th e study of GSTT 1 deletion polymorphism revealed that carriers of the GSTT 1 «+» variant are most susceptible to the development of chronic dust bronchitis, and owners of the GSTT 1 variant are» resistant to its formation. Th ere was a positive аssociation with the development of dust bronchitis of the holders of the MM phenotype (MN).Conclusions. When working in similar conditions, some workers have a deviation of biochemical and immunological parameters fr om the norm, as well as a violation of the respiratory system, while others have no changes. Th e response of the body to the impact of certain external adverse factors may be due to genetic predisposition or resistance to the development of the disease.

Introduction. Th e high level of professional and production-related pathology among workers of the coal industry, as well as the frequent development of their combined pathology with an unfavorable prognosis determine the relevance of studying the prevalence of somatic pathology in miners with occupational diseases of the respiratory system.The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence of internal organs pathology in coal industry workers with occupational lung diseases (anthracosilicosis, chronic dust bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).Materials and methods. 788 store miners and shaft  sinkers with previously diagnosed occupational respiratory diseases (anthracosilicosis, chronic dust bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and 161 miners, working for a long time in harmful labour conditions and having no occupational pathology (the control group) were examined.Results. It was revealed that the workers of the coal industry with occupational diseases of the respiratory system pathology of internal organs occurs more often than the workers of the control group, including: diseases of the cardiovascular system (hypertension, angina pectoris I and II functional classes), diseases of the digestive system (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic pancreatitis), kidney disease (chronic pyelonephritis), as well as a combination of several somatic diseases.Conclusions. In miners with occupational diseases of the respiratory system more oft en than in the control group, there is a pathology of the internal organs: diseases of the cardiovascular system, digestive organs, kidneys, as well as a combination of several somatic diseases. Th e data obtained should be considered during periodic medical examinations and medical examinations for the development of timely therapeutic and preventive and rehabilitation measures.