Within the framework of the experimental study, new data were obtained on the endocrine apparatus of rat testicles represented by interstitial endocrinocytes, or Leydig cells (CL), in the dynamics of adaptation of the animal body to low temperatures. Using methods of morphological analysis, including both routine and modern methods, it was found that in the early stages of adaptation the ratio of the main morphofunctional types of CL is violated, the index of CL activity decreases, their sizes decrease, resulting in a decrease in the concentration of testosterone in the blood serum. In the course of further adaptation the relative amount of CL reduces, increasing the number of degenerating CL. In the later stages of adaptation, the relative amount of CL remains reduced, the activity index of endocrinocytes increases, compensatory hypertrophy of CL develops, which leads to an increase in the level of testosterone in the blood serum

Stress is a set of nonspecific changes in the body that are the result of its neurohumoral reaction to external stimuli, and its causative factors are called stressors. Changes in the body caused by a stressor are called the general adaptation syndrome, which is actually the clinical manifestation of stress. Various stresses (technological, temperature, rank ones, trauma, burns, etc.) should be considered as conditions that lead to a decrease in the level of the body's immune status and an increase in the susceptibility of animals to pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microflora that is constantly persistent in their bodies and the surrounding environment. This pattern is manifested in varying degrees in farms of different forms of ownership, in the form of stress factors that reduce the level of the immune status of the organism. The article presents the results of research on the influence of stress of regrouping on blood morphology and the immune system of newborn calves. Calves’ blood was examined before and after regrouping, it was found that a decrease in the level of the immune status of the organism manifesting itself in a change in the morphological blood pattern and an increase in the susceptibility of animals to diseases, is caused by stress of regrouping, thus, stress negatively affects the overall parameters of blood morphology and calves’ immunity.

Free-living birds have a wide range of habitats, can be present in the wild, near human homes, livestock and poultry complexes, farms. As a result of migration and migration of birds, the probability of spreading infectious diseases increases. In the body of birds, the pathogen can persist, multiply, be released into the external environment, and then enter the body of a healthy animal or bird, becoming the cause of new cases of the disease. Detection of pathogenic microflora in the body of free-living birds, determination of their biochemical activity is one of the aspects of studying pathogens in the parasitic phase of existence. The identification of biologically active bacteria allows us to predict the probability of free-living poultry participating in the epizootic process, and to plan appropriate preventive measures in poultry and animal husbandry. The purpose of the study is to study the species composition and biochemical activity of the microflora of the free-living birds of the Amur region. For research on the territory of the Amur region, impregnations from beaks and cloaks. The study identified such microorganisms as Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Actinobacillus, Escherichia, Micrococcus, Aspergillus, Enterobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, and Staphylococcus. Biochemical activity was detected in microorganisms of Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter iwoffi, Actinobacillus species, Enterobacter aecum, Staphуlococcus кloossi, Staphуlococcus hуicus, Staphуlococcus aureus, Staphуlococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus saprophуticus. Enzymatic properties of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (6.8%), Pseudomonas species (6.4%), and Micrococcus candidus (1.2%) had weakly expressed enzymatic properties.

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