SPASSOV, N., GERAADS, D., HRISTOVA, L., MARKOV, G. N. 2019. The Late Miocene mammal fauna from Gorna Sushitsa, Southwestern Bulgaria, and the Early/Middle Turolian transition. Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, 291(3): 317-350. Abstract. We describe here the Turolian (late Miocene) faunas from several fossiliferous localities at Gorna Sushitsa (South-Western Bulgaria). The composite fauna is typical for the Turolian of the Balkan. The stratigraphically lowermost locality, GS2, yields more primitive stages of Adcrocuta eximia and Paramachaerodus orientalis than at Pikermi, and could be an early Turolian one, very close to the lower / middle Turolian transition. The faunas from stratigraphically higher localities are characteristic of the Middle Turolian and display (especially those from the upper levels), the features of the typical Pikermi fauna. The Gorna Sushitsa faunas indicate a xerophytic open woodland/shrubland at that time.
Three cases of carrion-feeding with remains of artiodactyls (0.3%, n=1104 samples with food remains) have been documented in a long term diet study of Eurasian Eagle-owls (Bubo bubo) in 53 localities at Southeastern Bulgaria. Bone pieces of a sheep/goat (Ovis aries/Carpa hircus), a Fallow Deer (Dama dama) and a Domestic Pig (Sus scrofa dom.) in three Eurasian Eagle-owl breeding localities (5.7%) prove extremely rare feeding on carrion. Northern White-breasted Hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus), rats (Rattus sp.), waterbirds and gallinaceous birds (total 59.5-72.6% by biomass) constituted the main portion of the diets with carrion remains. The comparisons between food niche breadths, diet composition, average prey biomass and values of superpredation of the annual diets in the three localities have not supported the carrion-feeding of the Eurasian Eagle-owl as a result of food shortages.
Keywords: feeding ecology, pellet analysis, dietary breadth, owl dietÖsszefoglalás Az uhu (Bubo bubo) hosszútávú, 53 délkelet-bulgáriai költőhelyen végzett táplálkozásbiológi-ai vizsgálata során eddig csak három esetben találtak párosujjú patás maradványokat (1104 maradvány minta 0,3%-a). Többségében birka/kecske (Ovis aries/Carpa hircus), egy európai dámvad (Dama dama) és egy házi sertés (Sus scofa dom.) csontmaradványai, három uhu költőhelyen (5,7%), bizonyítják, hogy mennyire ritkán táp-lálkozik ez a faj döggel. Az uhu fő táplálékforrását (59,5-72,6%) keleti sün (Erinaceus roumanicus), patkányfa-jok (Rattus sp.), vízimadarak és tyúkalakúak adják. A táplálkozási niche-szélesség, a fő prédaállat gyakorisága, az átlagos préda biomassza és az éves szuperpredáció értékeinek összehasonlítása alapján egyik területen sem a táp-lálékhiány okozza az uhu dögevését.
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