Angiogenesis is a key factor of tumor progression. Considering, that the tumor vessels are heterogeneous and differ in morphology and clinical significance, the purpose of this research was to study of the morphological features of tumor vessels and their relationship with the clinical characteristics and morphological features of breast cancer (BC). In this pilot study the tumor samples received from 59 patients with T1–T2 stages of ductal invasive carcinomas were included. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemically using antibodies to CD34. The morphological features and the number of different types of tumor vessels were assessed microscopically and were compared with grade, lymph node metastasis, hormone receptors, HER2/neu status and with the presence of tumor emboli in vessels (lymphovascular invasion). We identified the following types of tumor vessels in BC: the normal microvessels, the dilated capillaries of peritumoral stroma, the atypical dilated capillaries and the “cavitary” structures (CS) type-1 and type-2 relating to the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis that was described by us earlier. The number of dilated capillaries correlated with CS type-1 (p = 0.003), CS type-2 (p = 0.002), atypical dilated capillaries (p = 0.0008) and with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.005); the presence of atypical dilated capillaries—with CS type-1 (p < 0.00001), CS type-2 (p = 0.00004), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.0002) and with the tumor grade (p = 0.003); the number of CS type-1—with estrogen receptor (p = 0.002) and progesterone receptor (p = 0.002) status and with lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.004); the presence of CS type-2—with positive Her2/new status (p = 0.0002) and lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.01). The density of normal microvessels was not associated with other types of tumor vessels and with clinical characteristics of BC. These data indicate that varied types of tumor vessels are associated with different morphological characteristics of BC, such as hormone receptors and HER2/neu status, lymphovascular invasion. We believe that the atypical dilated capillaries are related to the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis. The strong correlations of lymphovascular invasion with CS type-1 and atypical dilated capillaries testify that the “cavitary” type of angiogenesis may play a significant role in the formation of tumor emboli in the vessels.

Aim. To determine leading clinical symptoms and risk factors for vulvar lichen sclerosus, identify the features of the disease in the early and late stages. Materials and methods. The investigation included 102 patients with clinical symptoms of aged 21 to 79 (the average age was 50.613.9 years), 67/102 (66%) conducted punch biopsy of vulva. The control group consisted of 113 women without signs of vulvar lichen sclerosus according to clinical and anamnestic examination. Results and discussion. Patients with VLS are overweight and obese 1 degree (BMI26.5), have a low level of physical activity and sleep durations 6.6 hours, experience stress and have low resistance to stress factors. Among gynecological diseases, patients with VLS are more often diagnosed with uterine myoma (42%) and genital endometriosis (29%). Among extragenital diseases, endocrine (54%), autoimmune (53%), diseases of the urinary system (54%) and skin (14%), benign diseases of the mammary glands (28.57%) prevail. Scars and deformations of the perineum, as a risk factor for VLS, are observed in 46.21%; 5% of women have a family history of VLS. Conclusion. Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a multifactorial disease, divided into early and late stages. Subjective symptoms of VLS are not related to age, duration and stage of the disease. Mucosal edema is characteristic of the early stage, and the late stage is characterized by a change in the architectonics of the external genitalia. In 11% of cases, the disease has no visual changes on the vulva. In this case, the most exact diagnostic method for VLS is a histological examination, which allows doctors to establish a diagnosis even at an early stage.

Цель исследования - изучение морфологии опухолевых сосудов и ее связи с клинико-морфологическими характеристиками и рецепторным статусом новообразования при раке молочной железы (РМЖ). Материалы и методы. Образцы опухолей 66 пациенток с T1-2 стадиями инвазивного РМЖ неспецифического типа окрашивали гематоксилином Майера и эозином, а также иммуногистохимическим методом с использованием антител к CD34. Результаты. Проведенное исследование позволило выделить следующие типы опухолевых сосудов: обычные капилляры, диля-тированные капилляры (ДК) перитуморальной стромы и атипичные дилятированные капилляры (АДК) интратуморальной стромы, характеризующиеся хаотичным расположением клеток эндотелиальной выстилки. Количество ДК в перитуморальной строме коррелировало с выраженностью лимфоидной инфильтрации стромы опухоли (р = 0,0001), количеством АДК (р = 0,0001) и наличием опухолевых эмболов в сосудах (р = 0,02); количество АДК - с отрицательным статусом рецепторов эстрогенов (р = 0,008) и прогестерона (р = 0,043) и наличием опухолевых эмболов в сосудах (р = 0,001). Выводы. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о неоднородности сосудов по морфологии и клинической значимости при РМЖ.

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