We present a very simple method for the calculation of Shannon, Fisher and Onicescu entropies in atoms, as well as SDL and LMC complexity measures, as functions of the atomic number Z . Fractional occupation probabilities of electrons in atomic orbitals are employed, instead of the more complicated continuous electron probability densities in position-and momentum-spaces, used so far in the literature. Our main conclusions are compatible with the results of more sophisticated approaches and correlate fairly with experimental data. A practical way towards scalability of the quantification of complexity for systems with more components than the atom is indicated. We also discuss the issue if the complexity of the electronic structure of atoms increases with Z . A Pair (α, β) of Order-Disorder Indices (PODI), which can be introduced for any quantum many-body system, is evaluated in atoms (α = 0.085, β = 1.015). We conclude, by observing the trend of closed shells atoms, that "atoms are ordered systems, which grow in complexity as Z increases".

This article presents a novel virtual teeth drilling system designed to aid dentists, dental students, and researchers in getting acquainted with teeth anatomy, the handling of drilling instruments, and the challenges associated with drilling procedures during endodontic therapy. The system is designed to be used for educational and research purposes in dental schools. The application features a 3D face and oral cavity model constructed using anatomical data that can be adapted to the characteristics of a specific patient using either facial photographs or 3D data. Animation of the models is also feasible. Virtual drilling using a Phantom Desktop (Sensable Technologies Inc., Woburn, MA) force feedback haptic device is performed within the oral cavity on 3D volumetric and surface models of teeth, obtained from serial cross sections of natural teeth. Final results and intermediate steps of the drilling procedure can be saved on a file for future use. The application has the potential to be a very promising educational and research tool that allows the user to practice virtual teeth drilling for endodontic cavity preparation or other related d research tool that allows the user to practice virtual teeth drilling for endodontic cavity preparation or other related research tool that allows the user to practice virtual teeth drilling for endodontic cavity preparation or other related procedures on high-detail teeth models placed within an adaptable and animated 3D face and oral cavity model.Mr.

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Autonomous UAV cinematography is an active research field with exciting potential for the media industry. It bears the promise of greatly facilitating UAV shooting for various applications, while significantly reducing the costs compared to manual shooting. However, the general problem has not been clearly defined and the challenges arising from current legislation and technology restrictions have not been fully charted. A complete overview of issues related to autonomous UAV cinematography is needed, pertaining to the current situation in the field, so as to guide immediatefuture research. The purpose of this paper is to lay exactly this groundwork, with the expectation of providing a global perspective to multiple domain-specific research communities. The outlined issues are partitioned into challenges deriving from ethical/legal/safety considerations and from operational/production requirements. A brief survey of current technological solutions, including their limitations, is also provided for each issue.