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Inequality within nations remains a significant challenge for socioeconomic development despite significant progress over the last 200 years (Lakner & Milanovic, 2016). Inequality harms poverty reduction (Birdsall & Londono, 1997;McKnight et al., 2017) and diminishes people's sense of fulfilment and self-worth (Friedli, 2009). It can breed crime (Kelly, 2000), mental health illnesses (Friedli, 2009), and environmental degradation (Boyce, 1994). Inequality has a strong spatial perspective (McCann, 2016) and is linked to numerous factors expanding from income to socioeconomic, health, and ethnicity (Lloyd, 2015).Geodemographic classification is a method that helps condense and understand large complex datasets (Voas & Williamson, 2001). Geodemographics cluster areal units into homogeneous groups that are similar to one another across their social, economic, and demographic conditions (Singleton & Longley, 2009). By employing geodemographic classification on spatio-temporal data, changes in socioeconomic and population structures can be studied (e.g., McLachlan & Norman, 2021). This approach effectively captures aggregate changes in local population structures. However, by comparing changes between two points in time, such an approach neglects the broader context within which these changes

Internal migration has replaced fertility and mortality as the primary demographic process shaping the spatial distribution of populations within countries. While a rich comparative literature has examined the intensity, composition and spatial impacts of population movement in Europe, the spatial structure of internal migration flows is less well understood. We present a flow map of internal migration flows within 38 European countries using the most recent data available. The graphic reveals the major role of national capital cities in the internal migration system, and an array of distinctive patterns of internal migration fostering population concentration in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe, and population deconcentration in Western and Southern Europe.

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