Krakal Beach is located in Gunungkidul Regency, Yogyakarta Special Region. This beach is built by coral reefs. The coral reef is an ecosystem that can support various biota to live on it by being a habitat for many species, such as Molluscs. Mollusc is the phylum that has the most members after Arthropods. Approximately 60,000 living species and 15,000 fossil species belong to Mollusc. The phylum Mollusc is divided into seven classes, one of which is Gastropods. Gastropods are Molluscs that move with their abdominal muscles. Molluscs are so diverse, so this research is aimed to study the biodiversity of Molluscs in the intertidal zone of Krakal beach, Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. The research was conducted on October 4th, 2019 at 03.10 WIB. The research held when ecological parameters were ±21.3 o C for water temperature, ±3.6% for salinity, and 7.5 for pH. The samples were collected using a purposive sampling method, preserved by using a dry preservation method, and identified by determining the morphological characteristics of the shell and referred to many references. This study found 7 families from the class Gastropod in the intertidal zone of Krakal beach, those are Aplustridae, Conidae, Cypraeidae, Mitridae, Muricidae, Nacellidae, and Turbinidae.

Abstract. Qudsiyati N, Nurcahyo RW, Priyowidodo D, Indarjulianto S. 2023. Short Communication: Tabanid and muscoid hematophagous flies as potentialvectors of Surra Disease in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 655-660. As a tropical country, Indonesia provides disease vectors and various kinds of parasitic diseases, such as surra disease caused by Trypanosoma evansi, which is transmitted by blood-sucking insects (flies), with a suitable environment. The disease is responsible for economic losses due to the decrease in beef production, and it can also be a potential zoonosis threatening human health. Disease prevention with vaccines is still unavailable. Therefore, treatment and prevention are carried out to eradicate flies with insecticides that can be hazardous to both humans and the environment. The present study aims at identifying the species and the phenology of potential surra fly vectors based on habitat differences. It was conducted from April to June 2022 in the Andini Mulyo farmer group, lowland Bantul and Maju Jaya farmer group, highland Kulon Progo, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY). The flies were caught using the NZi trap placed randomly or adjacent to Trypanosoma-positive cattle pens. The results showed that there were eight species of flies found in the Maju Jaya group, namely Tabanus megalops, T. rubidus, Tabanus sp., Stomoxys indica, S. calcitrans, S. sitiens, Haematobia irritans, and Musca domestica. Of them, except Tabanus megalops and Tabanus sp. were also recorded in Andini Mulyo group. The dominant vegetation found in Andini Mulyo and Tani Maju, respectively, are rice plants and wild plants, so the abundance of flies and the species richness of flies had a positive correlation with the Tani Maju group’s vegetation. The potential flies as surra disease vectors in the area found in surra disease cases were biting flies such as T. megalops, T. rubidus, Tabanus sp., S. indica, S. calcitrans, S. sitiens, Haematobia irritans. In addition, the hematogenous flies in Bantul and Kulon Progo could potentially cause the wider spread of surra disease and the decrease cow weight.

Background: The discovery of Aedes spp. in the breeding sites is the leading cause of the high incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) in Yogyakarta in 2019. This incidence can be calculated based on the Container Index (CI), House Index (HI), and Breteau Index (BI). Efforts to control the density of Aedes spp. The use of organophosphate insecticides in the long term and with the wrong dose will cause resistance. Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the potential breeding sites, the density, and the organophosphate resistance status of Aedes spp. in Yogyakarta. Methods: A literature review with the criteria of referenced journals from 2011-2020, national journals accredited at least Sinta 5 to Sinta 1 and international journals at least Q4 to Q1. Results: This study shows that the potential breeding sites for Aedes spp. in Yogyakarta, in general, are both indoors or outdoors, stagnant clean water, opened, not exposed to direct sunlight, and the duration of not eradicating the mosquito nests > 1 month. Aedes spp. in Yogyakarta has a high population density, so it is at high risk of transmitting dengue cases. The resistance status of Aedes spp. in various regions of Yogyakarta are categorized as resistant to organophosphate insecticides. Conclusion: Literature review requires field research also, implementation of prevention through the mosquito nests eradication program and 3M (Shutting, Draining, and Burying), and the replacement of insecticides types other than organophosphates.