Aim of the study To study the cross-sectional area, the maximum thickness of the nerve fascicle and the thickness/width ratio of the sural nerve in patients with diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic subjects using high-resolution ultrasonography and to correlate the results with nerve conduction studies. Material and methods This prospective study was conducted among 60 patients divided into two groups: A and B. Group A consisted of 30 patients >18 years of age with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and Group B consisted of 30 non-diabetic patients >18 years of age. High-resolution ultrasonography was performed using a linear transducer with the frequency of 5–18 MHz in all the patients in the prone position with the transducer placed in a transverse position at the junction of the middle and lower thirds of the calf. Nerve conduction studies were performed using Aleron 201 (RMS) in all the patients. Results As compared to the control group, the sural nerve in the diabetic group showed increased cross-sectional area, maximum thickness of the nerve fascicle and thickness/width ratio ( p <0.05). Nerve conduction studies showed decreased amplitude, increased latency and decreased velocity in the cases as compared to controls ( p <0.05). The cross-sectional area, maximum thickness of the nerve fascicle and thickness/width ratio showed statistical significance when compared with amplitude, latency and velocity in the cases as well as controls ( p <0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that high-frequency ultrasound of the sural nerve is a useful tool for evaluating changes typical of peripheral neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Acts of violence against health care professionals (especially doctors) as well as facilities are a growing global problem. In our country, it has taken an unfortunate dramatic turn of the involvement of a mob—a ragtag group of persons who organize and perpetrate the crime based on community, caste, religion, or political affiliations. This crucial factor is the fundamental difference in what we face as compared with the so-called Yi Nao phenomenon of China. In India, the mob gathers and indulges in acts of violence, intimidation, and blackmail at the behest of its “leader,” often having no direct relationship with the deceased patient. It is premeditated and systematic vandalism. Often it is also associated with financial gain to the perpetrators through extortion and blackmail, adding to the woes of the health care professionals and hospital facility. We discuss what is the primary goal and what is a byproduct in this cycles of violence against the people who are doing their best to save the lives of patients. Unless the governments and the courts take this matter seriously as well as follow-up with corrective measures, the future looks bleak for all stakeholders.

Osteopetrosis is a rare hereditary bone dysplasia of heterogeneous pathophysiology in which failure of osteoclastic bone resorption leads to increased bone mass, which has poor mechanical properties. Patients present in childhood with complaints of bone pains, failure to thrive and growth retardation. Other clinical findings include severe anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and thrombocytopenia. The dense, extremely brittle bones fracture easily. Involvement of the cranium can lead to optic nerve atrophy with blindness or other cranial nerve defects. The diagnosis is primarily radiographic and may be supported by computed tomography scan. We are reporting a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with blindness since the age of 6 months and the diagnosis of osteopetrosis was suggested on magnetic resonance imaging.

Ultrasound examination is used for screening of abnormal findings on prenatal screening. Cleft lip with or without cleft palate of the fetus can also be screened by using ultrasonography. Presence of abnormal findings of the fetal lip or palate can be detected accurately and quickly by having a thorough understanding of the embryology of the face. A 30 year-old woman G1P1L0 presented for routine antenatal ultrasound at 19 weeks 4 days according to last menstrual period. Presence of a vertical hypoechoic defect in the upper lip in the paramedian location, not reaching upto the nares is an important sign in the coronal view which aid in the diagnosis. We report a case of unilateral cleft lip without any obvious cleft palate diagnosed antenatally in the second trimester with a brief review of embryology of the face along with critical and practical points in fetal ultrasonographic diagnosis.

Introduction: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are nonepithelial tumors arising from the interstitial cells of Cajal, which express KIT protein-CD117 on immunohistochemistry. It represents a wide clinical spectrum of tumors with different clinical presentations, locations, histology, and prognosis. Gastro intestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) can arise anywhere in the GIT, including the mesentery, omentum, and retroperitoneum. Because most of these tumors are submucosal in location, they usually attain a large size without causing bowel obstruction at the time of diagnosis. This report presents a case of GIST in a 30-year-old male. The patient presented with acute abdomen without any symptoms of obstruction or perforation. He underwent ultrasonography in the radiology department which revealed a large mass along the small bowel with deposits along the mesentery and space occupying lesions (SOLs) in the liver. On contrast-enhanced computerised tomography (CECT), a possibility of GIST with deposits along the mesentery and liver was given, which was confirmed by histopathology. Conclusion:Recognition and acquaintance with GISTs is primarily important for early detection which allows for more treatment options. These tumors are rare in people younger than 40 years of age, but can occur in people of any age.