BackgroundEpilepsy, a well-known mostly idiopathic neurologic disorder, has to be correctly diagnosed and properly treated. Up to now, several diagnostic approaches have been processed to determine the epileptic focus.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to discover whether proton-MR-spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) aids in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy in conjunction with classical electroencephalography (EEG) findings.Patients and MethodsTotally, 70 mesial temporal zones consisting of 39 right hippocampi and 31 left hippocampi of 46 patients (25 male, 21 female) were analyzed by proton MRSI. All patients underwent a clinical neurologic examination, scalp EEG recording and prolonged video EEG monitoring. Partial seizures on the right, left or both sides were recorded in all patients. All patients were under medical treatment and none of the patients underwent amygdalohippocampectomy and similar surgical procedures.ResultsThe normal average lactate (Lac), phosphocreatine, N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), creatine (Cr), choline (Cho), myo-inositol, glutamate and glutamine (Glx) peaks and Nacetyl aspartate/Cr, NAA/ Cho + Cr, Cho/Cr ratios were measured from the healthy opposite hippocampi or from the control subjects. The Lac, glutamate and glutamine (Glx), myo-inositol, phosphocreatine and NAA metabolites plus Cho/Cr ratio showed statistical difference between the normal and the epileptic hippocampi. Cho, Cr metabolites plus NAA/Cr, NAA/ Cho + Cr ratios were almost the same between the groups. The sensitivity of Proton-MR-Spectroscopy for lateralization of the epileptic foci in all patients was 96% and the specificity was 50%.ConclusionsProton-MRSI can easily be considered as an alternative modality of choice in the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy and in the future; Proton-MR-Spectroscopy may become the most important technique used in epilepsy centers.

Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of the thyroid gland is an important tool for preoperative diagnosis; however, its benefit is limited for follicular lesions. Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) are ribosomal gene regions that stain with silver (Ag) when they are active. These regions can be used to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. We used a new AgNOR technique to investigate FNAB of cases diagnosed as follicular adenoma and carcinoma. Fourteen cases of follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) and 28 cases of thyroid follicular adenomas (FA) were stained using the silver NOR-associated protein (AgNOR) technique. One hundred nuclei per sample were examined, AgNORs were counted, and the total AgNOR area/nuclear area (TNORa/Na) ratio of each cell was calculated. We found that cases with FTC had significantly higher TNORa/Na than cases of FA. Also, cases with FTC had significantly higher AgNOR counts than cases with FA. AgNOR counting may help discriminate FTC and FA by routine cytopathology before surgery.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the pathologic results, determine the negative predictive value of non-palpable probably benign lesions at ultrasound and asses whether follow-up is adequate and immediate biopsy can be avoided. Materials and methods: Four hundred and eight cases which were referred to our breast imaging unit between 2004 and 2008 for biopsy evaluation were enrolled into the study. Two hundred and thirteen probably benign solid masses are classified as BI-RADS 3 in 205 of the enrollees. All masses were sonographically detectable and were classified through the guidelines of BI-RADS lexicon for sonography before the final pathological examination. All pathologic results were evaluated and the negative predictive value, false negativity rate and 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results: Of the 213 masses, fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 120. US-guided wire localization and eventual surgery were carried out in the remaining 93 masses. Finally, 211 of the punctured lesions turned out to be benign and only two malignant lesions were detected. The resulting negative predictive value was found to be 99.1% while the false negative rate value was 0.9%. Conclusion: With the results provided, we think that in the patients with sonographically detected probably benign breast lesions, short term follow-up seems to be a strong alternative to immediate biopsy with its reliable high negative predictivity as well as low false negativity.

Background: In this study, we shared the implementation success and clinical results for 38 patients treated with the cleaner™ pharmacomechanical thrombectomy device. Objectives: The impact and results of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy treatment on patients with deep vein thrombosis in the symptomatic acute and subacute phases were assessed. Patients and Methods: Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy treatment was applied in a single session for 38 patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis in the acute and subacute phases between May 2012 and June 2014. Venography was performed and each assessment was made based on lysis rates and clinical results. Results: Deep vein thrombosis was found in the left lower extremity in 25 patients (65%) and in the right lower extremity in 13 patients (35%). No patient was found to have bilateral deep vein thrombosis. Thrombus localization was in the iliofemoral area in 17 patients (44%), the iliocaval area in three patients (8%), and the femoropopliteal area in 18 patients (56%). When thrombus resolution was assessed at the end of the process, grade III and grade II lysis was achieved in 36 (94%) out of 38 patients. Complete resolution was achieved in 28 patients (74%) in the acute and subacute groups. Conclusion: Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy provides very satisfactory results in a single procedure, as a new method in the treatment of acute and subacute deep vein thrombosis.

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