Intisari— PT ABC menghasilkan berbagai macam produk aluminium ingot sekunder yang kemudian didistribusikan pada produsen otomotif roda dua dan roda empat di Indonesia dengan standar kualitas yang tinggi. Bahan baku utama pada produksi aluminium ingot sekunder adalah basemetal, scrap yang diperoleh dari pengepul barang rongsok serta bahan addictive seperti silikon dan tembaga. Saat ini perusahaan kurang optimal dalam menerapkan perencanaan produksi yang menyebabkan tidak maksimumnya pemanfaatan fasilitas produksi serta pemanfaatan penggunaan energi bahan bakar gas yang menyebabkan tingginya biaya produksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan hasil peramalan permintaan dan perencanaan produksi yang dapat menurunkan biaya produksi. Pada penelitian dilakukan perancangan model peramalan permintaan menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk mendapatkan proyeksi permintaan selama 3 periode mendatang. Selanjutnya dilakukan perencanaan produksi dengan menggunakan pendekatan Linier Programming yang telah mempertimbangkan ketersediaan sumber daya produksi sehingga dapat meningkatkan utilisasi fasilitas produksi dengan biaya produksi yang minimum. Berdasarkan rencana produksi dapat dilakukan perhitungan kebutuhan persediaan bahan baku pembentuk produk. Hasil peramalan dengan menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan memberikan hasil peramalan permintaan dengan nilai error yang kecil. Hasil proyeksi permintaan untuk periode 1 adalah sebanyak 804.645 kg, periode 2 sebanyak 529.307 kg, dan periode 3 sebanyak 788.669 kg. Berikutnya, dengan menggunakan output hasil peramalan permintaan menggunakan JST, dilakukan perencanaan produksi yang memberikan solusi jumlah produksi yang optimal, yaitu untuk produk AC2C, ADC12 dan HD2 yang menghasilkan biaya produksi minimum. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan perencanaan produksi dapat ditentukan kebutuhan bahan baku basemetal, skrap dan addictive untuk mendukung operasional produksi pada perusahaan aluminium. Abstract— PT ABC produces a wide range of secondary aluminum ingot products which are then distributed to two-wheel and four-wheel automotive manufacturers in Indonesia with high quality standards. The main raw materials for the production of secondary aluminum ingots are base metal, scrap obtained from junk collectors and addictive materials such as silicon and copper. Currently the company is less than optimal in implementing production planning which causes the utilization of production facilities not to be maximized and the use of gas fuel energy which causes high production costs. The purpose of this research is to obtain the results of demand forecasting and production planning that can reduce production costs. In this research, the demand forecasting model is designed using the Artificial Neural Network method to obtain demand projections for the next 3 periods. Furthermore, production planning is carried out using a Linear Programming approach which has taken into account the availability of production resources so as to increase the utilization of production facilities with minimum production costs. Based on the production plan, it is possible to calculate the inventory requirements for raw materials forming the product. Forecasting results using the Artificial Neural Network method provide demand forecasting results with a small error value. The results of requests for period 1 were 804,645 kg, period 2 were 529,307 kg, and period 3 were 788,669 kg. Next, by using the output of demand forecasting using ANN, a production plan is carried out that provides the optimal production quantity solution, namely for AC2C, ADC12 and HD2 products that produce minimum production costs. Based on the calculation results of production planning, it can be determined the need for base metal, scrap and addictive raw materials to support production operations in aluminum companies.
Abstract--Railway transport being a service is provided in a space and time dimension. Providing a better quality of service requires higher inputs, so evaluating the performance without these considerations would give a biased result. The purpose of this paper is to assess the performance of the rail transport service by including the service delivery perspective of railways and look at the holistic concept of service delivery. The quality of service parameters have been chosen within the constraints imposed by availability of data and the formulated data envelopment analysis (DEA). The quality of service parameters include: punctuality; the level of consequential train accidents (safety); and the level of public complaints (customer satisfaction). It evaluates the performance of 9 zones of KAI on the basis of their efficiencies and identifies the exemplar zones. The results deduced from these studies can serve as performance targets in reward systems, performance scorecards, and control systems.DEA has been used as a benchmarking tool to evaluate the relative efficiency of the 9 zones. The input parameters are working expenses, number of employees, and equated track kilometers and the output parameters are loading of revenue, punctuality, passenger traffic kilometers, consequential train accidents, and public complaints. Malmquist index has been used to determine the temporal performance of each zone. KAI can use DEA to assess the performance of various zones and for improvement monitoring in the context of being a transport service provider. Inefficient zones can identify the parameters for improvement across the zones and along the time dimension. A huge working force for all the inefficient zones indicate over deployment of resources, which can be seen at the policy level. A redundancy for equated track kilometers indicates a non-optimum use of resources. Not giving enough importance to service quality could be one of the major findings of the inefficient zones.Intisari--Transportasi kereta api sebagai layanan disediakan dalam dimensi ruang dan waktu. Memberikan kualitas layanan yang lebih baik membutuhkan input yang lebih tinggi, sehingga mengevaluasi kinerja tanpa pertimbangan ini akan memberikan hasil yang bias. Tujuan dari makalah ini adalah untuk menilai kinerja layanan transportasi kereta api dengan memasukkan perspektif pemberian layanan kereta api dan melihat konsep holistik pemberian layanan. Parameter kualitas layanan telah dipilih dalam batasan yang diberlakukan dengan mempertimbangkan ketersediaan data dan analisis amplop data yang dirumuskan (DEA). Parameter kualitas layanan meliputi: ketepatan waktu; tingkat konsekuensi kecelakaan kereta api (keselamatan); dan tingkat keluhan publik (kepuasan pelanggan). Makalah ini mengevaluasi kinerja 9 zona (Daerah Operasi) KAI berdasarkan efisiensi mereka dan mengidentifikasi zona contoh. Hasil yang disimpulkan dari penelitian ini dapat berfungsi sebagai target kinerja dalam sistem penghargaan, penilaian kinerja, dan sistem kontrol.DEA digunakan sebagai alat benchmarking untuk mengevaluasi efisiensi relatif dari 9 zona. Parameter input adalah biaya kerja, jumlah karyawan, dan kilometer track yang disamakan dan parameter outputnya adalah pendapatan, ketepatan waktu, kilometer lalu lintas, jumlah penumpang, konsekuensi kecelakaan kereta api, dan keluhan publik. Indeks Malmquist digunakan untuk menentukan kinerja dari masing-masing zona. KAI dapat menggunakan DEA untuk menilai kinerja berbagai zona dan untuk perbaikan pemantauan dalam konteks menjadi penyedia layanan transportasi. Zona yang tidak efisien dapat mengidentifikasi parameter untuk peningkatan antar lintas zona dan dimensi waktu. Tenaga kerja yang sangat besar untuk semua zona yang tidak efisien mengindikasikan penyebaran sumber daya, yang dapat dilihat pada tingkat kebijakan.
The application of safety is an important matter in carrying out activities inland transportation including railroad transportation. Jabodetabek travel routes are handled directly by PT. Kereta Komuter Indonesia. This activity certainly requires a lot of human labor so safety is very important in this regard. With the existence of safety arrangements, it will avoid any related things from accidents or losses due to the delay in the completion of work caused by the inaccurate company safety management system. Therefore each element involved in each activity requires further knowledge and understanding of the core factors that are in accordance with the safety management system used. Referring to this approach, research is carried out on the railroad industry in Indonesia by developing a safety model in the railway industry. The research was conducted by finding the right literature and then developing a model for the factors considered appropriate to be applied to the safety management system in railroad transportation in Indonesia. After the model was developed, the model was confirmed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) approach with the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results of the study will prove that the factors developed in the safety model are positively related to the implementation of commuter train safety management in Indonesia.
Intisari— Pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup manusia tidak terlepas dari penggunaan sumber daya alam yang termasuk di dalamnya sumber daya alam terbarukan dan tak terbarukan. Industri modern telah mengarahkan tujuannya untuk melindungi dan menghijaukan lingkungan, mempromosikan dan mendaur ulang produk untuk kepentingan perekonomian, serta menghemat dan memanfaatkan sumber daya alam sepenuhnya. Sumber daya alam, lingkungan, dan ekonomi telah dianggap sebagai hal yang vital dalam aktivitas industri serta bisnis yang pada umumnya dilakukan dalam suatu area perkantoran. Kantor yang didukung oleh penyediaan berbagai fasilitas sebagai sarana dan prasarana kerja terkait erat dengan pemanfaatan sumber daya alam ataupun sumber energi. Sebagai salah satu negara yang berkomitmen dalam Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), penciptaan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan dalam aktivitas pekerjaan melalui desain kerja harus segera dapat diwujudkan. Kebutuhan untuk mencegah dan memperbaiki kerusakan lingkungan akibat aktivitas kerja termasuk pekerjaan kantor menuntut setiap elemen yang terlibat didalamnya untuk memiliki pemahaman terhadap green ergonomics terhadap pekerjaan kantor. Pemahaman akan hal tersebut dapat diperoleh dengan menjabarkan faktor – faktor penting yang mendasari prinsip green ergonomics di lingkungan kantor. Dalam penelitian ini dirumuskan faktor-faktor utama yang diperlukan untuk mewujudkan green ergonomics di lingkungan kantor melalui pengamatan, survey, dan beberapa sumber literatur. Pengujian validitas variabel penelitian dilakukan Pearson, sedangkan pengujian reliabilitas penelitian dilakukan dengan Cronbach Alpha. Hasil pengujian membuktikan bahwa semua variabel penelitian valid dan reliabel dalam mengukur penerapan green ergonomic pada lingkungan kantor. Hasil pengukuran dijadikan sebagai tolak ukur perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan yang beroperasi di gedung kantor ataupun manajemen gedung, serta bagaimana membentuk prilaku pekerja, melalui green ergonomics. Perbaikan yang diusulkan antara lain: upaya pengalihan sumber energi yang digunakan menjadi energi matahari, angin, biomasa, tidal, ataupun panas bumi; fasilitas “green’ pada gedung kantor termasuk sistem pembuangan sampah; sistem transportasi kantor yang mempertimbangkan pengurangan penggunaan bahan bakar minyak; dan penyediaan ATM Sampah untuk mempercepat proses daur ulang material yang dapat didaur ulang. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa konsep green ergonomics di lingkungan kantor melibatkan greenship dan teknologi dalam pengaplikasiannya. Abstract— The needs of human life cannot be separated from the use of natural resources, which include renewable and non-renewable natural resources. Modern industry has set its goals to protect environment, promote and recycle products for the benefit of the economy, as well as conserve and make full use of natural resources. Natural resources, the environment, and the economy have been considered as vital in industrial and business activities which are generally carried out in an office area. Offices that are supported by the provision of various facilities as work facilities and infrastructure are closely related to the utilization of natural resources or energy sources. As one of the countries that is committed to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the creation of a sustainable environment in work activities through work design must be realized immediately. The need to prevent and repair environmental damage due to work activities including office work requires every element involved to have an understanding of green ergonomics for office work. An understanding of this can be obtained by describing the important factors that underlie the principles of green ergonomics in the office environment. In this study, the main factors needed to realize green ergonomics in the office environment were formulated through observations, surveys, and several literature sources. Testing the validity of the research variables was carried out by Pearson, while testing the reliability of the research was carried out with Cronbach Alpha. The test results prove that all research variables are valid and reliable in measuring the application of green ergonomics in the office environment. The measurement results are used as a benchmark for improvements made by companies operating in office buildings or building management, as well as how to shape worker behavior, through green ergonomics. The proposed improvements include: efforts to divert energy sources used into solar, wind, biomass, tidal, or geothermal energy; “green” facilities in office buildings including waste disposal systems; office transportation system that considers reducing the use of fuel oil; and the provision of a Waste ATM to speed up the recycling process of recyclable materials. The results of this study also show that the concept of green ergonomics in the office environment involves greenship and technology in its application.
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