Evaluation of the real risk of development of gonadal tumors in TS patients with Y-derivative sequences in their chromosomal constitution may require a specific histopathological study, such as immunohistochemistry with OCT4.

Objective. To evaluate diagnosis, age of referral, karyotype, and sex of rearing of cases with disorders of sex development (DSD) with ambiguous genitalia. Methods. Retrospective study during 23 years at outpatient clinic of a referral center. Results. There were 408 cases; 250 (61.3%) were 46,XY and 124 (30.4%) 46,XX and 34 (8.3%) had sex chromosomes abnormalities. 189 (46.3%) had 46,XY testicular DSD, 105 (25.7%) 46,XX ovarian DSD, 95 (23.3%) disorders of gonadal development (DGD), and 19 (4.7%) complex malformations. The main etiology of 46,XX ovarian DSD was salt-wasting 21-hydroxylase deficiency. In 46,XX and 46,XY groups, other malformations were observed. In the DGD group, 46,XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, mixed gonadal dysgenesis, and ovotesticular DSD were more frequent. Low birth weight was observed in 42 cases of idiopathic 46,XY testicular DSD. The average age at diagnosis was 31.7 months. The final sex of rearing was male in 238 cases and female in 170. Only 6.6% (27 cases) needed sex reassignment. Conclusions. In this large DSD sample with ambiguous genitalia, the 46,XY karyotype was the most frequent; in turn, congenital adrenal hyperplasia was the most frequent etiology. Malformations associated with DSD were common in all groups and low birth weight was associated with idiopathic 46,XY testicular DSD.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o efeito do aprimoramento da análise cromossômica sobre os achados citogenéticos de pacientes com síndrome de Turner (ST). MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo dos resultados de cariótipo de 260 pacientes com ST, com análise das técnicas de bandamento, número de células avaliadas e pesquisa de sequências de cromossomo Y. Segundo o cariótipo, dividiu-se em 45,X; mosaicismo cromossômico sem Y; aberrações estruturais de cromossomos sexuais com ou sem mosaicismo; mosaicismo com cromossomo Y. RESULTADOS: O cariótipo 45,X foi o mais frequente (108), seguido de aberrações estruturais (88) e mosaicismo (58 sem Y e 6 com Y). A introdução de técnicas de bandamento e o aumento do número de células analisadas resultaram em redução progressiva de pacientes 45,X e aumento de aberrações estruturais. O estudo de sequências de cromossomo Y foi feito em 96 casos e foi positivo em 10. CONCLUSÕES: O aperfeiçoamento da análise cromossômica ao longo do tempo modificou o perfil citogenético da ST.

Chromosome 14 is often involved in chromosome rearrangements, although pericentric inversions are rare. Here we report a mother carrying a pericentric inversion of chromosome 14, and her daughter with recombinant chromosome characterized by a partial distal 14q trisomy. Principal clinical findings of the child include facial anomalies, microcephaly, developmental delay, hypotonia and cardiac malformation. Her final karyotype was 46,XX,rec(14)dup(14q)inv(14)(p12q31)mat[20], arr 14q31.3qter(85,427,839-106,356,482)x3. This report brings new data about clinical features of partial 14q trisomy and molecular analysis enables the visualization of genes involved in the segment duplicated.