Introduction:: The purpose of the present study was to compare the influence of the two techniques of distraction through watching a cartoon and bubble manufacturing /producing on chemotherapy pain reduction in children suffering from cancer. Method: The method of the study was pretest and post test experimentation with the control group. The study population included all children with cancer hospitalized in Buali hospital in Ardabil. The subjects were selected through convenience sampling method and were randomly placed in three groups (16 in distraction group watching a cartoon, 16 in bubble manufacturing and 16 in the control group).To collect the data, the Oucher pain tools and fur the more, to create distraction a bubble manufacturing tool and a cartoon CD were used. To analyze the research hypotheses, ANOVA was applied. Results: Toki test results show that the average score of pain " making bubbles from the group watching cartoons," and mean scores of "both experimental groups in witness group" was significantly higher (p<0/05). These results mean that watching cartoons and making bubbles help to reduce the pain that felt by children during chemotherapy. Also results show that the method of making bubbles rather than watching cartoons method has helped to reduce pain in children during chemotherapy (p<0/01). Conclusion: Generally the results showed that the distraction includes none pharmacologic interventions are effective in pain relief. In addition this method has the little or even no complications than medicinal methods, and also has low cost. This method has no physical and psychological devastating effects for children, has easy application, requires less training and does not need a lot of time to execute for kids and more importantly is that this method is attractive to children and by using this children will have less perceived of pain. Finally the findings of this study suggest that the possibility of using distraction methods as effective non-Pharmaceutical treatments in different parts of the hospital will help to reduce pain.

This work aimed to explore the relationship between social anxiety with benign and toxic online self-disclosures with the mediating role of rejection sensitivity, self-regulation, and Internet addiction. In this study, 358 students who were active members of social networks at the Mohaghegh Ardabili University, Iran were evaluated in the form of a structural equation model. The results substantiated that social anxiety could explain 47% of the variance in benign online self-disclosure and 27% of toxic online self-disclosure with the mediating role of rejection sensitivity, self-regulation, and Internet addiction. It was found that people with high social anxiety had higher rejection sensitivity and lower self-regulation. Also, people with higher social anxiety had directly higher benign and toxic online self-disclosures. The results indicated that self-regulation did not have a direct impact on benign online self-disclosure; however, it had a direct negative impact on toxic online self-disclosure.

Child abuse has proved to be one of the most important social challenges. The present study attempts (a) to determine the prevalence of child abuse in an urban area in Iran and (b) to differentiate abused from non-abused adolescent boys using parental and child characteristics. A survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of different types of child abuse. The prevalence sample comprised 2,100 students selected through a multistage random sampling procedure. Data were collected using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Beck Depression Inventory, II (BDI-II), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), modified Hazan & Shaver Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) and Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90-R). Descriptive statistics and discriminant function analysis were used to analyze the data. The results showed that 14.85% of the subjects were exposed to child abuse, with emotional abuse being most prevalent (52.09%). Also, it appeared that variables such as parental depression and anxiety and children's attachment styles, anxiety, and aggression can help discriminate abused boys from their non-abused counterparts.

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Background: Cancer diagnosis causes emotional problems and profound psychological helplessness in patients. We aimed to investigate the relationship between post-traumatic growth and disease perception and emotion regulation in patients with cancer. Methods: The statistical population of this correlation study was all patients aged 18-65 years with breast, leukemia, and gastrointestinal cancer going to the oncology ward of Omid and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Urmia in the first half of 2021. 250 people (121 women and 129 men) were selected by the purposeful sampling method. Data collection tools included a post-traumatic growth questionnaire, a modified illness perception questionnaire, and the emotion regulation process strategies questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation test and multiple regression analysis were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that negative illness perception had a significant and negative relationship, and optimistic illness perception had a positive, meaningful relationship with post-traumatic growth (P<0.05). Emotion regulation had a significant and positive association with post-traumatic growth (P<0.05). Conclusion: How to perceive the disease and emotion regulation strategies in patients with cancer have an influential role in promoting post-traumatic growth.