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Background: Preeclampsia is considered as a serious life-threatening condition that could affect both maternal and fetal outcome. Many studies have examined the association of nutritional factors with the incidence of preeclampsia. However, little is known about the possible role of vitamin D in the development of preeclampsia among the Iranian population. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between vitamin D status and preeclampsia. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 pregnant women who were referred to Kamali and Alborz General Hospital located in the Karaj City were enrolled in this study and categorized into preeclamptic and control groups (n = 60/each). The clinical details of patients such as demographic characteristics and laboratory findings were obtained from the patients. The serum levels of vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathormone were also measured. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess for independent predictors of preeclampsia. Results: The mean age among pregnant women with preeclampsia and control group were 31.48 ± 5.25 and 29.01 ± 5.28, respectively. The mean body mass index among the preeclamptic group was 27.92 ± 4.98, which was significantly higher compared to the control group (p < 0.001). The serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower in women with preeclampsia compared to the control subjects (p = 0.007). Moreover, no correlation between vitamin D deficiency and predisposing factors of preeclampsia was observed after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusion: Our study revealed that serum vitamin D level is significantly lower in among the pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia compared to the healthy subjects. However, no correlation was observed between the vitamin D status and the risk of preeclampsia development. Key words: Preeclampsia, Vitamin D, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D, Pregnancy.

Background: Flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FFB) is known as an important diagnostic and therapeutic modality in the evaluation of respiratory disorders in pediatric population. Objectives:The study aims to highlight common indications and risk of complications associated with bronchoscopy in our population.Methods: This retrospective evaluation was performed in all patients that underwent flexible bronchoscopy at Children's Medical Center (affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences) between April 2011 and September 2016.Results: Of 800 bronchoscopies, 574 (71.7%) were performed for diagnostic and 226 (28.2%) for therapeutic purposes. Major indications included radiographic abnormalities (30%), a foreign body or suspected foreign body (28.5% of all FFBs) and stridor or wheezing (25% of all FBB). The incidence of major complications associated with FFBs was 0.87%. The most frequent complication was pneumothorax, followed by lung hemorrhage, and respiratory failure. Conclusions:Our findings support early intervention and utilization of bronchoscopy in the pediatric population with variable respiratory complaints.