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Objective The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of short segment instrumentation in patients affected by burst thoracolumbar fractures. Methods A total of 19 patients with unstable burst fractures of the thoracolumbar spine were eligible for short segment instrumentation. Their functional outcome (by using the Oswestry and Denis scales) and back pain (using the visual analog scale) were evaluated after 12 months. Results The mean age of the patients was 30.7 years old, and most of them were male (n = 15). The mean hospital stay was 4.6 days. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the pain score according to the visual analog scale was 1.63 ± 1.25 after 12 months of surgery, and there were no patients classified with grades 4 or 5 on the Denis work scale. The average Oswestry disability index (ODI) was 17% during the follow-ups. Conclusions The outcome of the studied patients, including the clinical pain and the functional outcome of postsurgical patients, suggested that the short-segment instrumentation could be an appropriate method for patients with unstable thoracolumbar junction fractures. However, a long-term follow-up is recommended.