Application of essential oils in controlling plant pathogens is generally associated with difficulty due to low solubility in water, strong odor, physical and chemical instability. One of the ways to minimise these effects is to use a nanoemulsion system. It also increases the antimicrobial properties. In this research, after preparation of cinnamon (Cinnamon zeylanicum L.) essential oil (CEO), nanoemulsion of the essential oil was prepared and its physical and chemical properties were determined. The particle size of nanoemulsion was determined to be 115.33 ± 3.97 nm. Emulsification and nanoemulsion of the essential oil along with thiabendazole as an antifungal agent at various concentrations of active ingredient were studied for control of Rhizopus stolonifera and Botrytis cinerea fungi, strawberry fruit decay. Results in solid Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium indicated that emulsion and nanoemulsion of CEO have a significant difference in antifungal activity against B. cinerea and R. stolonifera. The minimum inhibitory concentration was 500 and 1,000 μl fungi per liter of culture medium. According to the results of the research, essential oil nanoemulsion had a significant effect on the reduction of a fungal cartilage of strawberry fruit. In general, nano-emulsions of the essential oil showed more antifungal activity than essential oil. There was no significant difference in decay control between thiabendazole and CEO. The nano-emulsion of cinna- mon oil at a concentration of 0.2% proved significant effect in reducing fruit decay and showed the lowest fruit infec- tion (5.43%). Consequently, nano-emulsion of essential oil is recommended for the production of natural fungicides.

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most vital food and industrial crop and Ditylenchus destructor is an influential pathogenic potato nematode and is quarantine pest in many states and territories. As a result, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol was optimized to identify Ditylenchus destructor reliably and rapidly. The species-specific internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was used as the primer of the D. destructor ribosomal DNA gene. Some populations of this species from the Moscow region in the Russian Federation were investigated through species-specific primer PCR. New sequence from ITS-rRNA was deposited in the GenBank under accession number MN122076. The current molecular technique is more appropriate to distinguishing of nematode species, since it is practical, fast and precise.

This study introduces a universal correlation based on the modified version of the Arrhenius equation to estimate the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). A combination of an Arrhenius-shape term and a departure function was proposed to estimate the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2. This modified Arrhenius correlation predicts the solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2 from pressure, temperature, and carbon dioxide density. The pre-exponential of the Arrhenius linearly relates to the temperature and carbon dioxide density, and its exponential term is an inverse function of pressure. Moreover, the departure function linearly correlates with the natural logarithm of the ratio of carbon dioxide density to the temperature. The reliability of the proposed correlation is validated using all literature data for solubility of anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2. Furthermore, the predictive performance of the modified Arrhenius correlation is compared with ten available empirical correlations in the literature. Our developed correlation presents the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) of 9.54% for predicting 316 experimental measurements. On the other hand, the most accurate correlation in the literature presents the AARD = 14.90% over the same database. Indeed, 56.2% accuracy improvement in the solubility prediction of the anti-cancer drugs in supercritical CO2 is the primary outcome of the current study.

Zea mays variety 704 (single cross) was studied to investigate effect of chemical fertilizers and growth-promoting bacteria on yield and yield components of corn (Zea mays). A factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with three replications at Tehran-Varamin Research Farm (Iran) in 2017. The treatments were as follows: inoculation of the seeds with growth promoters in four levels: Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas; Rhizobium, Azospirillum and Pseudomonas; Rhizobium, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas; Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas and use of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers at four levels: no use, 1/3, 2/3, and 100 % recommended were applied. The results showed that the use of fertilizer was significant on the traits such as several leaves per plant, number of seeds per row, number of seeds per ear, plant height and forage yield at 1 % level. The results indicated that the highest forage yield of 33.78 t ha −1 was obtained from the interaction between the use of fertilizers and biological fertilizers, Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter and Pseudomonas, which was 42 % higher than control. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSMinistry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation on the program to improve the competitiveness of RUDN University among the world's leading research and education centers during 2017-2021 financially supported this research.