The intention of this paper is to shed light on the analysis of financial disclosure through the integration of requirement levels. This in return will lead to the development of a general applicable evaluation methodology based on Bloom's taxonomy system. Therefore, it will be possible to explicitly consider the relevance of the given information. To underline the appropriateness of our method, we combine the requirement levels with a qualitative content analysis. Based on the German accounting standard DRS 20, we clarify the respective application of the requirement levels in the context of the qualitative content analysis. Hence, we will discuss the limitations of our developed approach. In addition, we analyze further areas of application in the context of qualitative analysis of financial disclosure. All things considered, it is evident that our chosen approach, through the integration of a taxonomy system, contributes to the validity of established text analyzing methods.

Robo‐managers offer automated asset management; however, their overall performance is highly debated. We analyze 15 robo‐managers from Germany, the United States and the United Kingdom by conducting a comprehensive qualitative and quantitative study. The qualitative comparison shows considerable differences between the various robo‐managers, not only across but also within countries. The quantitative evaluation utilizes different measures to evaluate the performance of the robo‐manager sample. Our results indicate that each country has one particularly favourable robo‐manager. Furthermore, we find that the costs and characteristics of rebalancing measures have only a small effect on performance.

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