Soil erosion is a worldwide problem. Issues related to soil erosion in many countries, including Uzbekistan, are resolved at the government level. The article provides a brief summary of soil erosion and its varieties, and methods of combating it, analyzes the results obtained from the study of soil selected for the creation of mulberry plantations according to agricultural technology of the Uzbek Research Institute of Natural Fibers (UzRINF). The conclusion is made on the possibility of using mulberry plantations as a protective barrier against water and wind erosion in erosion-hazardous areas and to improve the reclamation conditions of soil. Recommendations are also given on the need to continue research on the creation of protective mulberry plantations in saline, degraded, low-fertile regions of the Aral Sea region to improve the ecological and reclamation state of soils and to prevent desertification of the soil cover of the region.

Biological preparations developed on the basis of biological methods have been considered the mainstay in the protection and fight against various diseases occurring in plants. It has been proven that the main resource in strengthening the biological condition and fertility of the soil is closely related to the life of saprophytic microorganisms. In this place, microorganisms and microbiological processes in the soil have performed an important task. In particular, it has the characteristic of enriching the soil with biological nitrogen due to the normalization of organic matter in the soil, assimilation of free nitrogen in the air by nitrogen-receiving microorganisms. In the article, it was observed that the amount of microorganisms in the composition of typical irrigated gray and meadow soils changes according to the seasons. It was explained that the highest amount of microorganisms was determined in the spring season, it decreased in the summer season, in autumn, the soil temperature and air temperature increased the amount of microorganisms, and in this season, if the activity of microorganisms is observed in the 0-30 cm layer of the soil, it was observed that it decreases towards the lower layers.

This article illustrates a number of experiments to conduct research on agronomic techniques of seedling cultivation from the seeds of smooth licorice (Glycyrrhiza Glabra L). The analysis of research results on the effect of irrigation regimes on the growth and development of smooth licorice seedlings, the analysis of experimental work on the effects of smooth licorice irrigation regimens and mineral fertilizer rates on winter wheat yields was carried out. The cost effectiveness of growing seedlings from smooth licorice seeds was also studied by analyzing the results of irrigation procedures, determining the effect of soil processing methods, development and yield of winter wheat sown as a successive crop during cultivation of licorice saplings, and yield of roots in conditions of irrigated typical sierozem soils of the Tashkent province.

On the basis of information on the climatic factor, the intensity of humus formation in the soil was estimated. It was revealed that as the transition from the plain to the foothills and low mountains due to changes in atmospheric precipitation and hydrothermal regime, the period of biological activity (PBA) of the soil increases from the plain to the mountains. The balance of annual radiation in the foothill plain is 47 kcal/cm2, in the high-mountain belt - 53 kcal/cm2. As the transition from the plain to the mountainous part of the relief, an increase in soil PBA was revealed and, in accordance with this, the content and reserves of humus, as well as labile humic substances in the humus composition, increase. By the type of humus, light gray soils are humate-fulvate and fulvate; typical, dark gray soils and mountain brown soils, fulvate-humate; light brown meadow-steppe soils, and humate. It also provides information on the energy reserves of humus for the considered soils. The correlations between the indicators of PBA and humus for horizon “A” in the studied soils were calculated.