The purpose of the current study is to determine main demotivating factors affecting Turkish EFL university students’ English language learning process and to identify the ways they apply to cope with these negative experiences from their own perspectives. The participants were 469 first and second year Turkish EFL university students. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data in the study. First, a demotivation questionnaire (Sakai & Kikuchi, 2009) was administered to the participants, and then interviews were conducted, face-to-face, with some of the students. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed on the quantitative data, while coding and classifying approach was used to analyze the qualitative data. Quantitative results revealed that are significant differences between female and male students in terms of the factors related to characteristics of classes and experiences of failure. Qualitative findings indicated that major factors that demotivate students are negative attitudes of the classmates, teacher-related factors, personal issues, class characteristics, test anxiety, failure experiences, and education system. Also, strategies for overcoming demotivation were determined as self-studying, asking for assistance, changing perspective, thinking positively, ignoring what others think, and being goal oriented. It is implied that the results obtained from this study might be helpful for both language learners and teachers in developing effective coping strategies to overcome demotivation.

Problem Statement: Despite the fact that the metaphorical perceptions of university instructors about their students are important in teacher-student interactions in the classroom environment, as they pave the way to an effective teaching-learning process, in Turkey there are a limited number of studies on them. Purpose of the Study: The purpose of this study is to determine the metaphorical perceptions of Turkish EFL Instructors in relation to their students. Method: In this study both qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques were used, by requesting 120 instructors to fill in forms containing prompts such as "students are like.................., because they.........." . Findings and Results: The results of the study revealed that Turkish EFL instructors created 98 valid metaphors. The most frequently repeated metaphors were baby (f=10), soil (f=8), seed (f=7), flower (f=5), child (f=5), puppet (f=4), son/daughter (f=4), white page (f=4), empty box (f=4) and slave (f=4). In accordance with the metaphorical perceptions of the subjects, five conceptual metaphorical categories were determined: 1) Student as raw material, 2) Student as significant other, 3) Student as plant, 4) Students as absolute compliant, 5) Student as animal.

Birçok bilimsel çalışma aşırmacılık konusunu farklı eğitim bağlamlarında araştırmıştır. Ancak, çok az sayıda araştırma yabancı dil olarak İngilizce öğrenen Türk öğrencilerin etik anlayışını cinsiyet ve izlenim yönetimi perspektiflerinden araştırmıştır. Verilerin toplanması için akademik aldatma ölçeği, izlenim yönetimi ölçeği ve kişisel nitelikler anketi kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma, İngilizceyi yabancı dil olarak öğrenen Türk öğrencilerinin akademik davranışlara, izlenim yönetimine ve psikolojik cinsiyete yönelik tutumlarını araştırmaktadır. Veriler, Türkiye'deki üç devlet üniversitesinden yabancı dil olarak İngilizce bölümlerine devam eden 285 öğrenciden toplanmıştır. Sonuçlar, öğrencelerin orta düzeyde aldatma davranışı sergilediği, farklı düzeylerde aldatmaya yönelik inançlarının olduğunu ve cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılığı olmadığını göstermiştir.

This study aims to examine the effects of flipped learning on L2 students’ overall academic achievements through meta-analysis. Forty studies (e.g., journal articles, M.A/Ph.D. theses and conference papers) on ‘flipped classroom’, ‘flipped learning’ and ‘academic achievement’ were included in this meta-analysis study. The data was analyzed by using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software. The random effects model was used in analyzing the overall effect size and the heterogeneity of the studies included in this meta-analysis. The results revealed that flipped learning has statistically significant effect on L2 learners’ academic achievements (g=1.303) compared to traditional learning approaches. This result does not differ according to publication type, educational level and four basic language skills and sub-skills, but it differs according to sample size of the selected studies.

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