No abstract

Within approximately 5461 km 2 area and 16 million population, Istanbul is considered to be the most important and most crowded city of Turkey. In addition to its unique beauties, it attracts the attention of nature lovers and plant scientists especially with its rich variety of plants which is more than many other countries in the world. 7,2 % of this floristic richness is composed of "geophytes"; which are the plants with bulbous, tuberosus, corm or rhizomous root systems. Sarıyer district, which is located in the north side of Istanbul and being an important part of the city's floristic richness has been chosen as the study area. The floristic diversity of the district is mostly because of the biodiversity of natural forest called Belgrad Forest. In this study, investigating the geophytes of the Sarıyer district, one of the greenest districts of Istanbul, evaluating their aesthetic properties and examining the possibilities of their use in landscape designs is aimed. For this purpose, plant features and design characteristics, habitats and endangerment categories of Sarıyer geophytes have been studied in detail using various sources. As a result of this study; it is found that there has been 44 native genus and 98 exotic geophyte taxa belonging to 12 families. 27,27 % of the genera are belong to Orchidaceae family and it is followed by Amaryllidaceae family with 18,18 %. Also the geophytes in the study are mostly having tuberous root type with 38,78%. When the habitats of these taxa has been evaluated; forest, forest edge areas and shrubs has been found to be the highest rate of 19,85% and 19,73%. When we evaluate the geophyte taxa of Sarıyer in case of their use in landscape designs, their flower colors, flowering periods and textures has become important. In Sarıyer district mostly white and yellow flowering geophyte taxa has been found with 21,43% and 20,41% ratio. It is also seen that most of the geophyte taxa are flowering in March with 23,96% and most of them are 3 months flowering. Also most of them are found to be fine textured with 59,18%.

Hospital gardens, one of the urban public outdoors, are located in the active spots of the city and are important as the image of the city. Hospitals will also be effective in quality of patient health and urban environment with their services. A well-designed hospital garden helps patients to feel good about themselves as well as shorten the healing process. Hospital gardens should be design comfortably according to the needs and desires of the users, create positive effects in physical and spiritual sense and create a social environment by saving both patients and employees from monotony. In this study, a total of 26 private and public hospital gardens in districts of Bursa city center (Osmangazi, Yildirim, Nilufer) were examined in detail. The evaluation of the landscape designs of the hospitals were done by scored method, and the success status were determined by five categories; space use, comfort and image, transportation, equipment and maintenance. As a result, it was identified that the landscape designs were successful with a range of 65-85 % in hospitals in Bursa city center, but some deficiency about designs, especially requirement of renovation and maintenance studies were detected. It was found that State hospitals were more successful than private hospitals. The landscape projects of hospitals should be absolutely needed and it was stated that creating spaces with landscape architects where patients and the staff can use are important.

Hospital gardens are one of the most important connection points between health and nature. The creation of visually effective plant compositions in hospital gardens is also important in terms of relaxing users and providing socialization. In this study, observation, data collection and evaluation methods were followed. In the scope of the study, a total of 26 hospital gardens Bursa (Osmangazi, Yıldırım, and Nilüfer) including state and private hospitals in the central districts of Bursa were evaluated. The plant diversity in hospital gardens were examined and form, texture, color and odor characteristics, autumn color effects, sensory effects of the identified taxa, and how they were used in hospital gardens were evaluated. It has been determined that the hospital gardens had a rich plant diversity with 95 woody plant taxa, and 47.37% of the identified plants were natural and 52.63% were exotic species and the gardens were insufficient in terms of planting design. In the hospital gardens, green colors, which gave a sense of tranquility and confidence, were determined to be dominant (81.05%). State hospitals were found to be more successful in terms of plant diversity than private hospitals. In the design of hospital gardens, blue, pink and yellow plant species that make people feel a sense of eternity, desire of living, vitality and love should be included.