Background: Thyroid nodules are a common endocrine problem with varied aetiology and presentation. Benign nodules also need to be evaluated in detail for possibility of malignancy in today’s era of rising incidence of malignancy. This study aims to comparatively analyse and verify the incidence of malignancy reported in tertiary care hospital with incidence of malignancy published in standard journals and research. The study also endeavours to clinically examine solitary thyroid nodules in patients admitted to the tertiary care centre. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from 2019 to 2022, in the Department of ENT, in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Thirty patients, with solitary thyroid nodule, were clinically examined and investigated using ultrasonography and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology, before undergoing hemi/total thyroidectomy. The histopathological reports and pre-operative investigations were analysed by standard statistical methods. Results: Clinically detected solitary thyroid nodule turned out to be malignant in 30% of studied cases with preponderance of papillary carcinoma. This figure is significantly higher than most of the previous data published in standard journals. A rare case of cystic presentation of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma was also studied. Conclusions: It is concluded from the present study that incidence of malignancy has shown sharp rise- from the published average of 19-21 percent to 30 percent in the present case. The study also infers that there is female preponderance in thyroid swellings. The mean age of solitary thyroid nodule is 35 years i.e., between 30 to 40 years.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Laryngeal disorders are the main culprit for change of voice. Patient presenting with change of voice needs to be assessed for laryngeal disorder. Larynx being part of hypopharynx in the deeper part of cavity has been difficult organ to examine since long, but with technological evolution from artificial light to flexible scopes to stroboscope has made life easier for a laryngologist to evaluate laryngeal disorder thoroughly.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> In this study we have included all cases of change of voice coming to department of ENT and head and neck surgery at GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri in last one year with change of voice for more than one month including vocal cord malignancy. A detailed history and thorough examination of ENT and in particular larynx done. Further work up and management was done according to case base need.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 50 patients enrolled in the study we found 48% males and 42% females. Most of the patients were adults. Only 4% were in geriatric age group. Most common diagnosis was vocal cord nodules 26% followed by hypertrophy of vocal cords16%. Malignancy of the vocal cords was found to be 14% followed by10% of vocal cord polyp and vocal cord palsy 10%. Other conditions were found to be 6%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Stroboscopy is a great tool for evaluation of vocal cord pathology in particular subtle diseases of vocal cords. Along with diagnosis we can have proper documentation of dynamic movement of vocal folds with help of stroboscopy.</p>

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