Observed changes in hydrological processes during the past 20 years in Switzerland are particularly preoccupying as they directly affect water use. In 2003 and 2011, local water shortage episodes occurred. Water withdrawals and supplies had to be restricted, notably in the Vaud canton (Western Switzerland). These droughts highlighted increasing competition among water users and new water management issues arose. This study explores how hydro-climatic conditions and water needs could evolve by the 2060 horizon and assesses the vulnerability of the canton to water stress under climatic and anthropogenic changes. Flows were simulated based on a daily semi-distributed hydrological model. Future changes were derived from Swiss climate scenarios relying on ten regional climate models. Regarding water needs, a population growth scenario was provided by the canton whereas a business-as-usual scenario was considered for irrigation and breeding trends. Currently, catchments in the canton experience moderate water stress from June to August, except in alpine areas. By the medium-term, water needs could reach more than 80% of rivers' total runoff in July and August. This should be due to higher temperatures and a higher ratio of liquid-to-solid precipitation causing more severe low flows. In addition, water needs should significantly increase from April to July, due to higher irrigation (+25%) and urban (+40%) water needs. This study gives a first overview of where and when water tensions are most likely to occur in the Vaud canton. Highlighting these regional differences supports the development of strategies to cope with water stress that are currently being discussed with the cantonal authorities. RESUMEDans un contexte de changements climatiques et anthropiques, le canton de Vaud (Suisse) est-il vulnérable au stress hydrique ? Au cours des ces 20 dernières années, une modification des processus hydrologiques a pu être observée en Suisse. Par exemple, la limite des chutes de neiges s'est élevée de 150 m, la fonte et le recul des glaciers se sont accélérés et les épisodes de sécheresse se sont intensifiés en été. Ces changements sont particulièrement préoccupants, d'autant plus qu'ils affectent directement la disponibilité des ressources en eau et l'approvisionnement en eau des différents usagers. En 2003 et 2011, la Suisse a dû faire face à des épisodes de pénurie d'eau au printemps et en été, provoquant des restrictions d'usages de l'eau à plusieurs reprises, notamment dans le canton de Vaud (Suisse occidentale). Ces épisodes ont révélé des compétitions accrues entre usagers ainsi que de nouveaux enjeux en matière de gestion de l'eau, tel que la définition de priorités et de taux d'allocation en eau entre les différents secteurs d'activités. Ainsi, cette 1 Corresponding author: Marianne Milano Congrès SHF : «Water Tensions in Europe and in the Mediterranean: water crisis by 2050? October, 8-9 2015, Paris-Marne la Vallée »étude tente d'identifier comment les conditions hydro-climatiques et les besoins en eau pourraient év...
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