HighlightsLaparoscopic adrenalectomy can be possible factors which decrease the immunity and can cause the activation of latent infection.For correct diagnosis having vague clinical picture of surgical pathology of abdominal cavity organs, CT with contrast is advised to be used.In case with clinical picture of pus-septical complications during the early postsurgical period without the diagnosis of infection source hotbed, it is worth conducting diagnostic laparoscopy with biopsy and the following cytologic study.Diagnostic laparoscopy and intraoperative histological tissue study of abdominal cavity are the main points in prescribing diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis form.
Aim. The research aims at analyzing the main changes in classification of medullary thyroid cancer and outlining the principles of staging according to modern studies. Material and Methods. Specific scientific articles for the period of 2009-2019 referring to the principles and rules of the TNM classification process, as well as recommendations of the TNM committees of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) and the International Union Against Cancer (IUAC) were selected for the analysis. The basic principles of classification and staging for 8th edition of TNM, as well as changes that have taken place in comparison with 7th edition of TNM It were defined. Results and Discussion. Medullary thyroid cancer accounts for 1-2 percent in the structure of cancers of the thyroid gland, however it is associated with a high mortality rate compared to highly differentiated forms of thyroid cancer. The main radical method of treatment is an adequate volume of surgical intervention, which is determined on the basis of proper staging, the use of visualization methods and the practical experience of doctors. The 7th edition of the TNM was introduced to the scientific society in 2009. It has been 10 years since a new version of the 8th edition based on the new data in evidence-based medicine appeared. It included numerous changes and additions, namely for medullary thyroid cancer. The following research suggests a detailed review and analysis of the basic principles of the staging and classification of medullary thyroid cancer for AJCC TNM-8 in order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with the mentioned above disease. Conclusions. The use of modern principles of classification and staging of medullary thyroid cancer in clinical practice promotes choosing the adequate treatment method and estimating the patient's prognosis. In addition, further improvement of the staging system by TNM-committee and cancer registers depends on the presence of detailed information on additional "parameters for collection and further evaluation" in medical documentation.
Мета роботи: вивчити переваги та недоліки відеоасистованої паратиреоїдектомії. Матеріали і методи. У нашій клініці від лютого 2010 року до лютого 2019 року оперовано 103 пацієнти з приводу ПГПТ, з них було 84 жінки, середній вік хворих склав (58,2±12,1) року. Діагноз ПГПТ базувався на класичних симптомах, а саме наявності підвищених рівнів загального та/або йонізованого кальцію та інтактного паратгормону (ПТГ) у сироватці крові. Усіх пацієнтів розділено на дві групи: І група – 36 пацієнтів (35 %), яким виконано відеоасистовану паратиреоїдектомію, IІ група – 67 пацієнтів (65 %), яких оперували відкритим способом із двобічною експлорацією шиї. Результати досліджень та їх обговорення. У 35 % хворих виконано відеоасистовану паратиреоїдектомію, у яких за результатами топічних досліджень виявлено солітарну аденому ПЩЗ – ці пацієнти утворили І групу. У 59 (57 %) хворих ІІ групи виявлено супутню патологію щитоподібної залози, 4 пацієнти (4 %) в анамнезі мали операції на шиї в ділянці щитоподібної залози, ще у 4-х (4 %) – діагностовано рецидив або персистенцію ПГПТ. Обидві групи вірогідно не відрізнялися за віком та статтю, рівнями загального та йонізованого кальцію, ПТГ перед операційним втручанням. Тривалість операційного втручання була вірогідно меншою та довжина розтину коротшою у пацієнтів І групи. У двох (2 %) хворих ІІ групи та у жодного пацієнта І групи після операційного втручання розвинувся транзиторний парез поворотного гортанного нерва. Отримані результати дозволяють твердити, що відеоасистована паратиреоїдектомія у ретельно відібраних пацієнтів (35 %), за результатами ультрасонографії та сумнівних випадках сцинтиграфії із 99mТс-MIBI, є ефективним мініінвазійним методом операційного лікування хворих на ПГПТ, який дозволяє скоротити час хірургічного втручання та частоту післяопераційних ускладнень.
Introduction. Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) belongs to a class of rare neuroendocrine aggressive tumors and arises from parafollicular cells (C-cells). An important modern problem is the development of ways to predict the recurrence of this disease. The aim of the study is to determine the role of immunohistochemical tumor markers of medullary thyroid cancer in predicting recurrence or death. Materials and methods. The analysis of the prospective study included 22 patients with MTC, 5 of whom have developed a recurrence and 4 have died at the end of the 10-year (120 months) follow-up period. Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using monoclonal antibodies of tumor markers calcitonin, chromogranin A, vimentin and Ki-67. Results. The discrepancy between the data of histological and immunohistochemical examinations in MTC is 12.0%, which indicates the hyperdiagnosis of this nosology and argues the importance of performing immunohistochemical examinations to verify the diagnosis. Patients who had a recurrence of MTC had significantly (p <0.05) lower levels of calcitonin expression (5.00 [5.00; 5.00] points) compared with patients who did not relapse, where this figure was 6.00 [6.00; 7.00] points. In patients with MTC, an increase in calcitonin expression was significantly associated with an increase in chromogranin A expression (r = + 0.49, p = 0.02); a similar relationship was found for the proportions of immunopositive cells of these tumor markers: r = + 0.68, p = 0.001. At the same time, it was found that the increase in the level of calcitonin expression was apparently combined with the decrease in the level of Ki-67 expression (r = -0.52, p = 0.02). It was also found that the increase in the level of vimentin expression is combined with an increase in the expression (r = + 0.64, p = 0.001) and the proportion of immunopositive cells of chromogranin A (r = + 0.45, p = 0.038). Conclusions. Low levels of calcitonin expression are prognostically unfavorable markers for the recurrence of MTC. Specific tumor markers are important in the treatment process and for the dynamic monitoring of patients with MTC.
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