Roots of orchids have important role for survival, adaptation, water and nutrient absorption, and as a place of symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. The present study aimed to investigate the morphology, anatomy, and mycorrhizal status in roots of orchids of Sempu Island, Indonesia (Ascochilus emarginatus, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, and Thrixspermum subulatum), in relation to their adaptation to their habitat of coastal forests of Sempu Island. These orchids have different morphological characters; Ascochilus emarginatus and Thrixspermum subulatum are leafy orchids, while Taeniophyllum biocellatum is a leafless orchid. The results showed that all orchids have small number of velamen layers (1-2 layers) as an adaptation to the relatively humid condition. Cell wall thickenings of velamen, exodermis, and endodermis are structural adaptation of all orchids to the relatively high intensity of illumination, to reduce water loss because of transpiration. Mycorrhizal fungi colonization which is important for nutrient acquisition occurs in cortical cells. All orchids have differences in their cell shape, size, and specific characters, such as chloroplasts. The leafless Taeniophyllum biocellatum has many chloroplasts in the cortical root cells that support the photosynthesis process, while A. emarginatus and T. subulatum are lack of chloroplasts in their cortical root cells.

Dendrobium capra J.J. Smith or “anggrek larat hijau” is the orchid of low land area which includes endangered orchid species, so it needs to conserve ex situ. The success of ex situ plant conservation influence environmental factor. That’s why habitat study of D. capra needs to be done to know about how the orchid can grow well. The observation was done in Perhutani’s teak forest between Madiun and Bojonegoro, East Java which be done in three RPH is RPH Klangon (Pajaran village, Madiun), RPH Sukun (Sambongrejo village, Bojonegoro) and RPH Gondang (Bethet village, Bojonegoro). The aims of this research are for doing study habitat and knowing the number of population on wild. The result show that D. capra can found in teak and bungur trees at 5th zone because it needs to get a direct sunshine. Some environment factors are temperature of 30-33ºC, humidity of 40-60% and no roots moss covered. The result of inventory showed that the numbers of D. capra on areas are 45 individual in RPH Klangon, 145 individual RPH Sukun and 58 individual RPH Gondang.© 2008 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS Surakarta.Key words: Dendrobium capra J.J.Smith, habitat, Madiun, Bojonegoro.

Yulia ND, Budiharta S (2011) Epiphytic orchids and host trees diversity at Gunung Manyutan Forest Reserve, Wilis Mountain, Ponorogo,. Natural forests in Wilis Mountain have been destroyed by forest fires, landslides and illegal logging. As a consequence, biological diversity in this area is threatened by local extinctions, particularly of orchid species. This study was aimed to explore, document and analyze the diversity of epiphytic orchids at Gunung Manyutan Forest Reserve, a natural forest area in Wilis Mountain. Purposive sampling on 1 hectare (50 x 200 m 2 ) contiguous plot was used. This plot was divided into eight subplots (25 x 50 m 2 ). All data on orchid species were recorded including its number, host trees and zone of the host tree where the orchid attached. The results showed that there were 29 epiphytic orchid species recorded. Flickingeria angulata was the most abundant species (Relative Abundance of orchids/ %Fo = 38.74), continued by Appendicula sp. (%Fo = 10.91) and Eria hyacinthoides (%Fo = 6.57). The three most important host trees were Pinus merkusii, Schima wallichii and Engelhardia spicata. Zone 3 (bottom part of the branches) was revealed as the most favorable part at the host tree (281 individuals), while Zone 1 (bottom part of the main stem) was the least preferable one.

Yulia ND, Budiharta S, Yulistyarini T (2011) Analysis of epiphytic orchid diversity and its host tree at three gradient of altitudes inMount Lawu,. The aim of this study was to observe epiphytic orchid diversity and their host trees at three different altitudes (1796, 1922 and 2041 m asl.) at southern part of Mount Lawu, District of Magetan, East Java. Line transect of 10 x 100 m was set up and then divided into ten plots (as replicates) of 10 x 10 m. At each plot, species name and number of individual of epiphytic orchids, and species name, number of individual and diameter at breast height (dbh) of host trees were recorded. The result showed that there were 19 species of epiphytic orchid recorded at the study sites. There were significantly different among gradient altitude in number of epiphytic orchid species (F = 3.7; df = (2, 27); P < 0.

Paphiopedilum glaucophyllum J.J.Sm. var. Glaucophyllum is one of the endemic orchid from east java categorized as rare plant in Indonesia. The most prominent properties of this species is on the flower which have an purple labelum in sac shaped. The flowering time of this slipper orchids is undefinitely, so they can blossoming out every season of the year. The objective of this research was to observe the flowering time from blossoming out untill emerging fruit of the slipper orchid. The observation of flowering phenology was began from the first flower bud initiation until developing fruit. The observation cover from measurement of lenght and width of flower bud primordial followed by fruit development and characterised the physical change during development. The result showed the average period of flowering phenology from the beginning until emerging fruit in 62 days. The maturation of fruit take for 120 until 130 days calculated from the beginning of pollination.