This research examined the relationship between race/ethnicity and rehabilitation outcomes as measured by closure status for VR consumers across two different target populations: persons with mental retardation and those who are deaf/hard-of-hearing. The researchers employed a meta-analysis to test the association between the predictor and criterion variables using select Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA-911) driven studies. Data analyzed represent consumer case file information collected during the fiscal years of 1995-1996 through 1997-1998, the time period following passage of the 1992 Rehabilitation Act Amendments and implementation of the resulting Rehabilitation Cultural Diversity Initiative. The meta-analysis identified a significant relationship between race/ethnicity and closure status for each target population. African Americans with hearing loss and those with mental retardation were significantly less likely to achieve closure success when compared to Whites with respective disabilities. These findings and several implications for practice/service and disability policy are discussed.