Agriculture faces great challenges to ensure global food security by increasing yields while reducing environmental costs. Here we address this challenge by conducting a total of 153 site-year field experiments covering the main agro-ecological areas for rice, wheat and maize production in China. A set of integrated soil-crop system management practices based on a modern understanding of crop ecophysiology and soil biogeochemistry increases average yields for rice, wheat and maize from 7.2 million grams per hectare (Mg ha(-1)), 7.2 Mg ha(-1) and 10.5 Mg ha(-1) to 8.5 Mg ha(-1), 8.9 Mg ha(-1) and 14.2 Mg ha(-1), respectively, without any increase in nitrogen fertilizer. Model simulation and life-cycle assessment show that reactive nitrogen losses and greenhouse gas emissions are reduced substantially by integrated soil-crop system management. If farmers in China could achieve average grain yields equivalent to 80% of this treatment by 2030, over the same planting area as in 2012, total production of rice, wheat and maize in China would be more than enough to meet the demand for direct human consumption and a substantially increased demand for animal feed, while decreasing the environmental costs of intensive agriculture.

The MnO 2 /carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites were prepared through a modified one-pot reaction process, in which CNTs were coated by cross-linked MnO 2 flakes uniformly. The composition, morphology, and microstructure of the products were characterized using TG, XRD, XPS, Raman, FESEM, TEM, and STEM. It reveals that the MnO 2 layer stands on the sidewalls of the inner nanotubes uniformly about 50 nm thick, and the loading of MnO 2 on the CNTs reaches 84%. Furthermore, the supercapacitive performances were investigated by cyclic voltammogram (CV), galvanostatic charge−discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The experimental results indicate that the composite exhibits not only high specific capacitance of 201 F g −1 and rate capability (the specific capacitance at 20 A g −1 is 70% of that at 1 A g −1 ), but also excellent cycle stability (no obvious capacitance decay after 10 000 cycles at 1 A g −1 ). An asymmetric electrochemical capacitor was assembled by using the obtained MnO 2 /CNTs composite as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode. The as-assembled AC//MnO 2 /CNTs capacitor can cycle reversibly in a voltage of 0−1.5 V and give a high energy density of 13.3 Wh kg −1 at a power density of 600 W kg −1 .

Consumer behavior changes differently in emergencies. Understanding consumer food stockpiling behavior during COVID-19 pandemic can provide critical information for governments and policymakers to adjust inventory and response strategies. This paper analyzed consumer food stockpiling behavior, including the change of food reserve scale and willingness to pay for fresh food reserves in COVID-19. Our paper shows that the scale of food reserve extends from 3.37 to 7.37 days after the outbreak of COVID-19; if available, consumers on average are willing to pay 18.14 yuan (60.47%) premium for fresh products reserves. The result shows that food stockpiling behavior is fueled by a set of multiple motivations and subjective risk perception. Female, high education level and high-income consumers were more likely to reserve larger scale food reserves, but consumers' willingness to pay for fresh food reserves is determined by income. This study was conducted when new infection cases continued to rise in the world. The story of food stockpiling during the COVID-19 pandemic in China is similar with the rest of world. Consumer stockpiling behavior in China can also be expanded to other countries to predict the change of food demand and understand more about consumer preferences in emergencies.

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